random: Remove engine_combinedlcg.c (#15216)

The standalone engine cannot be usefully used for any other purpose. Remove it
and inline the implementation into the `php_combined_lcg()` fu

random: Remove engine_combinedlcg.c (#15216)

The standalone engine cannot be usefully used for any other purpose. Remove it
and inline the implementation into the `php_combined_lcg()` function.

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random: Deprecate `lcg_value()` (#15211)

RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/deprecations_php_8_4

Add zend_random_bytes(), zend_random_bytes_insecure() functions (#14054)

Co-authored-by: Tim Düsterhus <tim@bastelstu.be>

random: Remove redundant assignments in `php_random_rangeX()` (#14536)

Co-authored-by: Tim Düsterhus <tim@bastelstu.be>

Replace WIN32 conditions with _WIN32 or PHP_WIN32 (#14462)

* Replace WIN32 conditions with _WIN32 or PHP_WIN32

WIN32 is defined by the SDK and not defined all the time on Windows by

Replace WIN32 conditions with _WIN32 or PHP_WIN32 (#14462)

* Replace WIN32 conditions with _WIN32 or PHP_WIN32

WIN32 is defined by the SDK and not defined all the time on Windows by
compilers or the environment. _WIN32 is defined as 1 when the
compilation target is 32-bit ARM, 64-bit ARM, x86, or x64. Otherwise,
undefined.

This syncs these usages one step further.

Upstream libgd has replaced WIN32 with _WIN32 via
https://github.com/libgd/libgd/commit/c60d9fe577ae8dad88e26344c4ceaa90da86e2f6

PHP_WIN32 is added to ext/sockets/sockets.stub.php as done in other
*.stub.php files at this point.

* Use PHP_WIN32 in ext/random

* Use PHP_WIN32 in ext/sockets

* Use _WIN32 in xxhash.h as done upstream

See https://github.com/Cyan4973/xxHash/pull/931

* Update end comment with PHP_WIN32

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Sync #if/ifdef/defined (#14508)

This syncs CPP macro conditions:
- _WIN32
- _WIN64
- HAVE_ALLOCA_H
- HAVE_ALPHASORT
- HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
- HAVE_CONFIG_H
- HAVE_DIRE

Sync #if/ifdef/defined (#14508)

This syncs CPP macro conditions:
- _WIN32
- _WIN64
- HAVE_ALLOCA_H
- HAVE_ALPHASORT
- HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
- HAVE_CONFIG_H
- HAVE_DIRENT_H
- HAVE_DLFCN_H
- HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
- HAVE_LIBDL
- HAVE_POLL_H
- HAVE_PWD_H
- HAVE_SCANDIR
- HAVE_SYS_FILE_H
- HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
- HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
- HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
- HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
- HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
- HAVE_UNISTD_H
- PHP_WIN32
- ZEND_WIN32

These are either undefined or defined to 1 in Autotools and Windows.

Follow up of GH-5526 (-Wundef).

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ext/random: Fix signess issues

random: Make php_random_bytes() useable early during engine startup (#14291)

php_random_bytes() can now be used before RANDOM_G() is initialized

random: Remove internal aliases for the global Mt19937 functionality (#14314)

* random: Remove `php_rand()`

This effectively is just a slim wrapper around `(zend_long)php_mt_rand()`

random: Remove internal aliases for the global Mt19937 functionality (#14314)

* random: Remove `php_rand()`

This effectively is just a slim wrapper around `(zend_long)php_mt_rand()`. It
is not compatible between 32-bit and 64-bit builds of PHP, due to the use of
`zend_long`, which may result in negative integersbeing returned on 32-bit
platforms, whereas 64-bit platforms will be compatible with `php_mt_rand()`. An
example would be the `0` seed, which emits 2357136044 on 64-bit platforms and
-1937831252 on 32-bit platforms.

Users of `php_rand()` should ideally migrate to one of the more modern engines,
with extension-specific state. If drop-in compatibility is desired, they can
just cast the result of `php_mt_rand()`. But providing it out of the box does
not provide a value-add and is potentially dangerous.

* random: Remove `php_srand()`

With `php_rand()` gone, preserving its companion `php_srand()` is just
confusing. The same recommendations apply: Migrate to a modern engine if
possible and just call `php_mt_srand()` with an appropriately casted input.

* random: Remove `PHP_RAND_MAX` and `RAND_MAX`

These are the companions to `php_rand()`, which was removed in a previous
commit.

Generally speaking the maximum returnable value is not particularly useful
anyways. Attempting it to create a random float by dividing the returned
integer by the maximum value would result in a bias if the maximum value would
be larger than 2**53 and even for that case, the various `range()` helpers
allow to easily retrieve a uniformly distributed integer from a suitable range.

* UPGRADING.INTERNALS

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random: Add missing PHPAPI to `php_random_generate_fallback_seed()` in random.c

The declaration in the header had it.

random: Simplify implementation of php_random_generate_fallback_seed() (#13761)

As all the input bits and pieces are mixed with SHA-1, cross-architecture
compatibility is not required an

random: Simplify implementation of php_random_generate_fallback_seed() (#13761)

As all the input bits and pieces are mixed with SHA-1, cross-architecture
compatibility is not required and we can just mix in whatever they may look
like in memory, instead of going through the `write_*()` helpers that were
created for a previous in-development version that first filled a buffer that
was then hashed (allowing for easy inspection of the input data, but making it
harder to safely add values without checking for buffer overflows all the
time).

This change should also fix a build error on macOS ZTS: The thread ID is an
opaque type and not guaranteed to be arithmetic as per IEEE Std 1003.1-2017.
And indeed macOS defines it as a pointer to a structure, failing due to the
implicit pointer to integer conversion.

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random: Improve the output quality of RANDOM_SEED() (#13730)

* random: Improve the output quality of RANDOM_SEED()

Previously 4 consecutive calls to `RANDOM_SEED()` each for 4 diffe

random: Improve the output quality of RANDOM_SEED() (#13730)

* random: Improve the output quality of RANDOM_SEED()

Previously 4 consecutive calls to `RANDOM_SEED()` each for 4 different CLI
requests resulted in:

$ sapi/cli/php test.php
2c13e9fde9caa
2c13e9fd1d6b0
2c13e9fd4de34
2c13e9fd1610e
$ sapi/cli/php test.php
2c1436764fe07
2c14367621770
2c143676c0bf6
2c143676e02f5
$ sapi/cli/php test.php
2c144995a0626
2c14499590fe2
2c144995c65db
2c14499536833
$ sapi/cli/php test.php
2c145cb30860b
2c145cb3ec027
2c145cb33b4ca
2c145cb38ff63

Now they result in:

$ sapi/cli/php test.php
6796973ace1b5f3d
1913daf5c158cb4b
255dbf24237bc8c9
7c3ba22e60f35196
$ sapi/cli/php test.php
afb7cc9ba9819cd2
3e01a71b91ad020c
6b718364d3ef108
bdcd17beeb4b31d2
$ sapi/cli/php test.php
53d36eb9b83f8788
4381c85e816187aa
2e9b32ee9898e71e
31d15c946842bddb
$ sapi/cli/php test.php
2037a3cba88114b4
ba0b0d93a9bb43aa
e13d82d2421269e2
191de474f3292240

* tree-wide: Replace GENERATE_SEED() by php_random_generate_fallback_seed()

* random: Fix NTS build

* random: Fix Windows build

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random: Initialize the `mode` field when seeding in `php_random_default_status()` (#13690)

This is not just an issue due to missing initialization since moving the state
struct directly

random: Initialize the `mode` field when seeding in `php_random_default_status()` (#13690)

This is not just an issue due to missing initialization since moving the state
struct directly into the module globals. In earlier versions changing the mode
to `MT_RAND_PHP` within a single request would also affect the mode for
subsequent requests.

Original commit message follows:

This is a follow-up fix for GH-13579. The issue was detected in the nightly
MSAN build.

(cherry picked from commit bf0abd1629291c193064a9cb95a2da3565decc38)

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random: Initialize the `mode` field when seeding in `php_random_default_status()` (#13608)

This is a follow-up fix for GH-13579. The issue was detected in the nightly
MSAN build.

random: Embed the Mt19937 and CombinedLCG state within the module globals (#13579)

These are always dynamically allocated in GINIT, thus always take up memory. By
embedding them here we

random: Embed the Mt19937 and CombinedLCG state within the module globals (#13579)

These are always dynamically allocated in GINIT, thus always take up memory. By
embedding them here we can avoid the dynamic allocation and additional pointer
indirection accessing them.

The test script:

<?php
for ($i = 0; $i < 9999999; $i++) mt_rand(1, 100);

Appears to run slightly faster with this change applied: Before this change it
always ran in just over 3 seconds, after this change I was also seeing times
below 3 seconds. Howver results are too close and too jittery to state this
performance improvement as a fact.

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random: Fix unknown `mt_srand()` compatibility for unknown modes (#13544)

PHP 8.1 and below interpreted unknown modes as `MT_RAND_MT19937`, but PHP 8.2+
interprets them as `MT_RAND_PHP`.

random: Fix unknown `mt_srand()` compatibility for unknown modes (#13544)

PHP 8.1 and below interpreted unknown modes as `MT_RAND_MT19937`, but PHP 8.2+
interprets them as `MT_RAND_PHP`.

Align the behavior with PHP 8.1 and below, because folks should be steered
towards the standard mode.

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random: Clean up seeding API (#13540)

* random: Expose xoshiro256**'s seeding functions

* random: Expose pcgoneseq128xslrr64's seeding functions

* random: Expose Mt19937's

random: Clean up seeding API (#13540)

* random: Expose xoshiro256**'s seeding functions

* random: Expose pcgoneseq128xslrr64's seeding functions

* random: Expose Mt19937's seeding functions

* random: Expose CombinedLCG's seeding functions

* random: Call php_random_mt19937_seed32 to seed the global Mt19937

This avoids the function pointer indirection and improves type safety.

* random: NULL the generic seeding function

Different engines work quite differently, it is not useful to attempt to seed
them in a generic way using a 64 bit integer. As an example Mt19937 completely
ignores the upper 32 bits.

* random: Remove the `seed` member from `php_random_algo`

See the explanation in the previous commit for the reasoning. This member is
unused since the previous commit and was not consistently available even before
that (specifically for the Secure engine).

* UPGRADING.INTERNALS

* random: Remove useless cast in `php_mt_srand()`

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random: Adjust `status` to `state` (#13521)

* random: Rename `status` local to `state`

* random: Rename `php_random_algo_with_state`'s `status` member to `state`

random: Pass algorithm and state together as `php_random_algo_with_state` (#13350)

* random: Remove `php_random_status`

Since 162e1dce9870168cb8c65c013f2b5a510b6536b1, the `php_rand

random: Pass algorithm and state together as `php_random_algo_with_state` (#13350)

* random: Remove `php_random_status`

Since 162e1dce9870168cb8c65c013f2b5a510b6536b1, the `php_random_status` struct
contains just a single `void*`, resulting in needless indirection when
accessing the engine state and thus decreasing readability because of the
additional non-meaningful `->state` references / the local helper variables.

There is also a small, but measurable performance benefit:

<?php
$e = new Random\Engine\Xoshiro256StarStar(0);
$r = new Random\Randomizer($e);

for ($i = 0; $i < 15; $i++)
var_dump(strlen($r->getBytes(100000000)));

goes from roughly 3.85s down to 3.60s.

The names of the `status` variables have not yet been touched to keep the diff
small. They will be renamed to the more appropriate `state` in a follow-up
cleanup commit.

* Introduce `php_random_algo_with_state`

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random: Move CSPRNG API into php_random_csprng.h (#13290)

This allows consumers of just the CSPRNG to include a much smaller header. It
also allows to verify at a glance whether a source

random: Move CSPRNG API into php_random_csprng.h (#13290)

This allows consumers of just the CSPRNG to include a much smaller header. It
also allows to verify at a glance whether a source file might use non-secure
randomness.

This commit includes the new header wherever the CSPRNG is used, possibly
replacing the inclusion of php_random.h if nothing else is used, but also
includes it in the main php_random.h header for compatibility.

Somewhat related to 45f8cfaf104f504340b0073b9736bb50a88d70a1,
2b30f18708b4f73d2c1d29d3a92a606ebdc5ac4c, and
b14dd85dca3b67a5462f5ed9b6aa0dc22beb615c.

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random: Optimize data flow for the `generate` function of native engines (#13043)

Instead of returning the generated `uint64_t` and providing the size (i.e. the
number of bytes of the ge

random: Optimize data flow for the `generate` function of native engines (#13043)

Instead of returning the generated `uint64_t` and providing the size (i.e. the
number of bytes of the generated value) out-of-band via the
`last_generated_size` member of the `php_random_status` struct, the `generate`
function is now expected to return a new `php_random_result` struct containing
both the `size` and the `result`.

This has two benefits, one for the developer:

It's no longer possible to forget setting `last_generated_size` to the correct
value, because it now happens at the time of returning from the function.

and the other benefit is for performance:

The `php_random_result` struct will be returned as a register pair, thus the
`size` will be directly available without reloading it from main memory.

Checking a simplified version of `php_random_range64()` on Compiler Explorer
(“Godbolt”) with clang 17 shows a single change in the resulting assembly
showcasing the improvement (https://godbolt.org/z/G4WjdYxqx):

- add rbp, qword ptr [r14]
+ add rbp, rdx

Empirical testing confirms a measurable performance increase for the
`Randomizer::getBytes()` method:

<?php
$e = new Random\Engine\Xoshiro256StarStar(0);
$r = new Random\Randomizer($e);

var_dump(strlen($r->getBytes(100000000)));

goes from 250ms (before the change) to 220ms (after the change). While
generating 100 MB of random data certainly is not the most common use case, it
confirms the theoretical improvement in practice.

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Deprecate MT_RAND_PHP (#11560)

see https://wiki.php.net/rfc/deprecations_php_8_3#mt_rand_php

random: Move the CSPRNG implementation into a separate C file (#10668)

The CSPRNG is a delicate and security relevant piece of code and having it in
the giant random.c makes it much hard

random: Move the CSPRNG implementation into a separate C file (#10668)

The CSPRNG is a delicate and security relevant piece of code and having it in
the giant random.c makes it much harder to verify changes to it. Split it into
a separate file.

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random: Reduce variable scopes in CSPRNG (#10426)

* random: Convert the urandom loop into a while() loop

This allows us to more easily reduce the scope of `n` in a future commit and

random: Reduce variable scopes in CSPRNG (#10426)

* random: Convert the urandom loop into a while() loop

This allows us to more easily reduce the scope of `n` in a future commit and
now matches the getrandom(2) loop.

* random: Move the errno reset immediately above the getrandom(2) call

* random: Reduce the scope of `n` in the CSPRNG

* random: Declare `n` outside of preprocessor branch

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random disable arc4random_buf for glibc, merge mistake