Fix failing 32-bit mbstring tests (#13069)

mbstring no longer provides 'long' substitutions for erroneous input bytes

Previously, mbstring had a special mode whereby it would convert
erroneous input byte sequences to output like

mbstring no longer provides 'long' substitutions for erroneous input bytes

Previously, mbstring had a special mode whereby it would convert
erroneous input byte sequences to output like "BAD+XXXX", where "XXXX"
would be the erroneous bytes expressed in hexadecimal. This mode could
be enabled by calling `mb_substitute_character("long")`.

However, accurately reproducing input byte sequences from the cached
state of a conversion filter is often tricky, and this significantly
complicates the implementation. Further, the means used for passing
the erroneous bytes through to where the "BAD+XXXX" text is generated
only allows for up to 3 bytes to be passed, meaning that some erroneous
byte sequences are truncated anyways.

More to the point, a search of publically available PHP code indicates
that nobody is really using this feature anyways.

Incidentally, this feature also provided error output like "JIS+XXXX"
if the input 'should have' represented a JISX 0208 codepoint, but it
decodes to a codepoint which does not exist in the JISX 0208 charset.
Similarly, specific error output was provided for non-existent
JISX 0212 codepoints, and likewise for JISX 0213, CP932, and a few
other charsets. All of that is now consigned to the flames.

However, "long" error markers also include a somewhat more useful
"U+XXXX" marker for Unicode codepoints which were successfully
decoded from the input text, but cannot be represented in the output
encoding. Those are still supported.

With this change, there is no need to use a variety of special values
in the high bits of a wchar to represent different types of error
values. We can (and will) just use a single error value. This will be
equal to -1.

One complicating factor: Text conversion functions return an integer to
indicate whether the conversion operation should be immediately
aborted, and the magic 'abort' marker is -1. Also, almost all of these
functions would return the received byte/codepoint to indicate success.
That doesn't work with the new error value; if an input filter detects
an error and passes -1 to the output filter, and the output filter
returns it back, that would be taken to mean 'abort'.

Therefore, amend all these functions to return 0 for success.

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Test behavior of 'long' illegal character markers

After mb_substitute_character("long"), mbstring will respond to
erroneous input by inserting 'long' error markers into the output.
D

Test behavior of 'long' illegal character markers

After mb_substitute_character("long"), mbstring will respond to
erroneous input by inserting 'long' error markers into the output.
Depending on the situation, these error markers will either look like
BAD+XXXX (for general bad input), U+XXXX (when the input is OK, but it
converts to Unicode codepoints which cannot be represented in the
output encoding), or an encoding-specific marker like JISX+XXXX or
W932+XXXX.

We have almost no tests for this feature. Add a bunch of tests to
ensure that all our legacy encoding handlers work in a reasonable
way when 'long' error markers are enabled.

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Fix conversion of EUC-TW text (and add test suite)

- Treat text which ends abruptly in the middle of a multi-byte
character as erroneous.
- Don't allow ASCII control characters to

Fix conversion of EUC-TW text (and add test suite)

- Treat text which ends abruptly in the middle of a multi-byte
character as erroneous.
- Don't allow ASCII control characters to appear in the middle of a
multi-byte character.
- If an illegal byte appears in the middle of a multi-byte character,
go back to the initial state rather than trying to finish the
multi-byte character.
- There was a bug in the file with the conversion tables, which set the
'maximum codepoint which can be converted using table A2' using the
size of table A1, not table A2. This meant that several hundred
Unicode codepoints which should have been able to be converted to
EUC-TW were flagged as erroneous instead.
- When a sequence which cannot possibly be a prefix of a valid
multi-byte character is found, immediately flag it as an error, rather
than waiting to read more bytes first.
- Allow characters in CNS-11643 plane 1 to be encoded as 4-byte
sequences (although they can also be encoded as 2-byte sequences).
This is allowed by the standard for EUC-TW text.

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