SplFileObject::fwrite $length param nullable (#17242)

Implement cache slot optimization for XMLReader (#17232)

ext/posix posix_ttyname/posix_isatty fd error handling update.

Set to `EBADF` errno for posix_ttyname when out of ranges.
posix_fpathconf now returns false on out of range file descripto

ext/posix posix_ttyname/posix_isatty fd error handling update.

Set to `EBADF` errno for posix_ttyname when out of ranges.
posix_fpathconf now returns false on out of range file descriptors.

close GH-17209

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Reduce gc stack usage for strings (and resources)

Adding strings to the worklist is useless, because they never contribute to
cycles. The assembly size on x86_64 does not change. This si

Reduce gc stack usage for strings (and resources)

Adding strings to the worklist is useless, because they never contribute to
cycles. The assembly size on x86_64 does not change. This significantly improves
performance in this synthetic benchmark by 33%.

function test($a) {}

$a = new stdClass();
$a->self = $a;
$a->prop1 = str_repeat('a', 10);
$a->prop2 = str_repeat('a', 10);
$a->prop3 = str_repeat('a', 10);
$a->prop4 = str_repeat('a', 10);
$a->prop5 = str_repeat('a', 10);
$a->prop6 = str_repeat('a', 10);
$a->prop7 = str_repeat('a', 10);
$a->prop8 = str_repeat('a', 10);
$a->prop9 = str_repeat('a', 10);
$a->prop10 = str_repeat('a', 10);

for ($i = 0; $i < 10_000_000; $i++) {
test($a);
gc_collect_cycles();
}

This requires adding IS_TYPE_COLLECTABLE to IS_REFERENCE_EX to ensure these
values continue to be pushed onto the stack. Luckily, IS_TYPE_COLLECTABLE is
currently only used in gc_check_possible_root(), where the checked value cannot
be a reference.

Note that this changes the output of gc_collect_cycles(). Non-cyclic, refcounted
values no longer count towards the total reported values collected.

Also, there is some obvious overlap with GH-17130. This change should be good
nonetheless, especially if we can remove the GC_COLLECTABLE(Z_COUNTED_P(zv))
condition in PHP 9 and rely on Z_COLLECTABLE_P() exclusively, given we can
assume an object doesn't become cyclic at runtime anymore.

Closes GH-17194

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[skip ci] Add UPGRADING entry for GH-17173

ext/pcntl: Refactor `pcntl_exec()` (#17172)

* Refactor usage of strlcpy

As we allocate the buffer, we know the string will fit inside the buffer.

* Throw ValueErrors when s

ext/pcntl: Refactor `pcntl_exec()` (#17172)

* Refactor usage of strlcpy

As we allocate the buffer, we know the string will fit inside the buffer.

* Throw ValueErrors when strings contain null bytes

The underlying C calls work with C strings, which are NULL terminated.

* exec_pcntl() always return false

Thus, update stubs to formally have a return type of `false`.

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[skip ci] Add upgrading entry for GH-17177

Improve fix for GH-16889

The original patch[1] cared only about pipe handles in the rset, but
would be problematic if there are other handles (e.g. files in the
rset, or pipes/files

Improve fix for GH-16889

The original patch[1] cared only about pipe handles in the rset, but
would be problematic if there are other handles (e.g. files in the
rset, or pipes/files in the other sets), because `php_select()` would
return immediately, reporting all non read-pipe handles as ready, but
possibly never reporting read-pipe handles.

We fix this by applying different logic for the case where only pipe
handles are supplied in the rset, but no handles in the wset or eset.
In this case `php_select()` only returns when actually one of the
handles is ready, or when the timeout expires. To avoid busy looping
in this case, we sleep for a short amount of time. This matches POSIX
behavior.

In all other cases, `php_select()` behaves as before (i.e. prior to the
original fix), that is it returns immediately, reporting all handles as
ready.

We also add a test case that demonstrates multiplexing the output of a
couple of child processes.

See also the discussion on <https://github.com/php/php-src/pull/16917>.

[1] <https://github.com/php/php-src/commit/b614b4a69ae7bab13c39af2f4a01dea846dfa307>

Closes GH-17174.

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zend_hrtime: Use `clock_gettime_nsec_np()` for macOS if available (#17089)

As per the Apple developer documentation:

> Prefer to use the equivalent clock_gettime_nsec_np(CLOCK_UPTIM

zend_hrtime: Use `clock_gettime_nsec_np()` for macOS if available (#17089)

As per the Apple developer documentation:

> Prefer to use the equivalent clock_gettime_nsec_np(CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW) in
> nanoseconds.

and also

> This API has the potential of being misused to access device signals to try
> to identify the device or user, also known as fingerprinting. Regardless of
> whether a user gives your app permission to track, fingerprinting is not
> allowed. When you use this API in your app or third-party SDK (an SDK not
> provided by Apple), declare your usage and the reason for using the API in
> your app or third-party SDK’s PrivacyInfo.xcprivacy file.

see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/kernel/1462446-mach_absolute_time

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Fix enum to bool comparison

The compiler compiles $value == true to ZEND_BOOL, which always returns true for
objects (with the default cast_object handler). However, when compared to a

Fix enum to bool comparison

The compiler compiles $value == true to ZEND_BOOL, which always returns true for
objects (with the default cast_object handler). However, when compared to a
statically unknown rhs $value == $true, the resulting opcode ZEND_IS_EQUAL would
call the objects compare handler.

The zend_objects_not_comparable() handler, which is installed for enums and
other internal classes, blanketly returns false. This does not match the
ZEND_BOOL semantics.

Object to boolean comparison is now handled directly in zend_compare(),
analogous to object to null comparison. It continuous to call the cast_object
handler, but guarantees consistent behavior across ZEND_BOOL and ZEND_IS_EQUAL.

Fixes GH-16954
Closes GH-17031

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Fix GH-16843: Windows phpize builds ignore source subfolders

phpize builds on Windows ignore the paths of extension sources, and
build all object files in the same folder. This can't wo

Fix GH-16843: Windows phpize builds ignore source subfolders

phpize builds on Windows ignore the paths of extension sources, and
build all object files in the same folder. This can't work if there
are multiple source files with the same base name stored in separate
folders and registered as such (e.g. cls/worker.c and src/worker.c).
While extension authors can work around by avoiding duplicate base
names, they may not even be aware of the problem because on POSIX
systems, the object files are usually placed right besides the sources.

Thus we take the relative path (from `configure_module_dirname`) of the
source files into account even for phpize builds. Since this may break
some extension builds (especially those which use Makefile fragments),
we do not apply this fix to stable branches.

Closes GH-17016.

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[skip ci] Fix UPGRADING

--enable-sanitizer is not supported with MSVC 16.9, but only 16.10.

Support --enable-sanitizer for MSVC builds

While it is already possible to enable ASan for MSVC (assuming Visual
Studio 2019 16.10 or later) by passing `/fsanitizer=address` in the
`

Support --enable-sanitizer for MSVC builds

While it is already possible to enable ASan for MSVC (assuming Visual
Studio 2019 16.10 or later) by passing `/fsanitizer=address` in the
`CFLAGS`, it is only usable if `ZEND_DEBUG` is also enabled; otherwise
there are `STATUS_BACK_STACK` errors all the time.

Since it makes some sense to combine ASan instrumentation with debug
assertions enabled anyway (typical for fuzzing), we support the
configure option `--enable-sanitizer`, which is already supported for
Clang builds, also for MSVC builds. Note that MSVC supports only ASan
for now; contrary to Clang which additionally supports UBSan on Windows.

Since ASan reports can be pretty useless without debug symbol
information, we require such builds to also produce PDBs (i.e.
`--enable-debug-pack`), but forbid actual debug builds (for performance
reasons, and because the way it is implemented it would not make sense;
that was already an issue with Clang builds with sanitizers enabled).

Closes GH-16999.

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Support Closures in constant expressions (#16458)

RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/closures_in_const_expr

Co-authored-by: Volker Dusch <volker@tideways-gmbh.com>
Co-authored-by: Il

Support Closures in constant expressions (#16458)

RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/closures_in_const_expr

Co-authored-by: Volker Dusch <volker@tideways-gmbh.com>
Co-authored-by: Ilija Tovilo <ilija.tovilo@me.com>
Co-authored-by: Arthur Kurbidaev <artkurbidaev@gmail.com>

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Add opcache.file_cache_read_only

Closes GH-16551

ext/sockets: Adding TCP_FUNCTION_BLK socket option for FreeBSD.

Allows to select an alternate TCP stack. For example with RACK,
a fast loss detection relying on timestamp per packet.

ext/sockets: Adding TCP_FUNCTION_BLK socket option for FreeBSD.

Allows to select an alternate TCP stack. For example with RACK,
a fast loss detection relying on timestamp per packet.

While it works system-wide, it can also apply in an individual socket level too.

close GH-16842

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Add PHP_BUILD_DATE constant

This information can be occasionally useful, and would otherwise need
to be parsed from `phpinfo()` output.

However, maybe more importantly we unify

Add PHP_BUILD_DATE constant

This information can be occasionally useful, and would otherwise need
to be parsed from `phpinfo()` output.

However, maybe more importantly we unify the build date between what is
given by `php -v` and `php -i`, since these compilation units are not
necessarily preprocessed within the same second.

Closes GH-16747.

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Build com_dotnet shared by default

The official Windows builds and CI are doing this for ages, so it
appears to be overdue to finally switch the actual default.

Closes GH-16300.

UPGRADING: Fix `CURLOPT_TCP_KEEPCNT` entry

Close GH-16659: Bump ICU requirement to ICU >= 57.1

This requirements bump should rarely affect anybody in practice. All
major distros already ship more recent ICU versions, and even fo

Close GH-16659: Bump ICU requirement to ICU >= 57.1

This requirements bump should rarely affect anybody in practice. All
major distros already ship more recent ICU versions, and even for
Solaris 11, ICU 57.1 is available via OpenCSW. Note that ICU 57.1 has
been released on 2016-03-23[1].

[1] <https://icu.unicode.org/download/57>

Closes GH-16688.

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ext/sockets: adding IPPROTO_ICMP* constants for socket creations.

Is to create socket for Internet Control Message Protocol context.
Due to their nature, they are meant to be used via

ext/sockets: adding IPPROTO_ICMP* constants for socket creations.

Is to create socket for Internet Control Message Protocol context.
Due to their nature, they are meant to be used via
raw sockets rather than TCP/UDP.

close GH-16737

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Add `ReflectionConstant::getExtension()` and `::getExtensionName()` (#16603)

Add Dom\Element::insertAdjacentHTML() (#16614)

Fix GH-16665: \array and \callable should not be usable

This list was initially introduced in 53a40386, but never included array or
callable. I suppose this is because int & friends are

Fix GH-16665: \array and \callable should not be usable

This list was initially introduced in 53a40386, but never included array or
callable. I suppose this is because int & friends are not actual tokens,
while array and callable are. This means it was never possible to do class
array, which is probably the reason this was overlooked.

Closes GH-16683.

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ext/posix: adding POSIX_SC_OPEN_MAX constant.

returns the number of file descriptors that a process can handle.
e.g. useful after pcntl_fork() to close all the file descriptors up
to

ext/posix: adding POSIX_SC_OPEN_MAX constant.

returns the number of file descriptors that a process can handle.
e.g. useful after pcntl_fork() to close all the file descriptors up
to that boundary.

close GH-16681

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