tests: add and use `%PERL` variable to refer to the Perl binary

To ensure Perl invocations within tests call the same Perl binary used
for running the tests, as specified or auto-detecte

tests: add and use `%PERL` variable to refer to the Perl binary

To ensure Perl invocations within tests call the same Perl binary used
for running the tests, as specified or auto-detected via `PERL` env
(autotools) or `PERL_EXECUTABLE` setting (cmake). Instead of the first
`perl` executable found in `PATH`.)

Cherry-picked from #14949
Closes #15097

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tests: replace `%PWD` with `%FILE_PWD` for `file://`

Before this patch not all tests used `%FILE_PWD` with the `file://`
protocol.

Keep `%PWD` for test1145, to keep it fail on W

tests: replace `%PWD` with `%FILE_PWD` for `file://`

Before this patch not all tests used `%FILE_PWD` with the `file://`
protocol.

Keep `%PWD` for test1145, to keep it fail on Windows like the test
expects.

Cherry-picked from #14949

Closes #15090

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tidy-up: OS names

Use these words and casing more consistently across text, comments and
one curl tool output:
AIX, ALPN, ANSI, BSD, Cygwin, Darwin, FreeBSD, GitHub, HP-UX, Linux,

tidy-up: OS names

Use these words and casing more consistently across text, comments and
one curl tool output:
AIX, ALPN, ANSI, BSD, Cygwin, Darwin, FreeBSD, GitHub, HP-UX, Linux,
macOS, MS-DOS, MSYS, MinGW, NTLM, POSIX, Solaris, UNIX, Unix, Unicode,
WINE, WebDAV, Win32, winbind, WinIDN, Windows, Windows CE, Winsock.

Mostly OS names and a few more.

Also a couple of other minor text fixups.

Closes #14360

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tests: use %LOGDIR to refer to the log directory

This will allow it be set dynamically.

Ref: #10818

tests: use %TESTNUMBER instead of fixed number

This makes the tests easier to copy and relocate to other test numbers
without having to update content.

Closes #6738

FILE: fix CURLOPT_NOBODY and CURLOPT_HEADER output

Now FILE transfers send headers to the header callback like HTTP and
other protocols. Also made curl_easy_getinfo(...CURLINFO_PROTOCOL.

FILE: fix CURLOPT_NOBODY and CURLOPT_HEADER output

Now FILE transfers send headers to the header callback like HTTP and
other protocols. Also made curl_easy_getinfo(...CURLINFO_PROTOCOL...)
work for FILE in the callbacks.

Makes "curl -i file://.." and "curl -I file://.." work like before
again. Applied the bold header logic to them too.

Regression from c1c2762 (7.61.0)

Reported-by: Shaun Jackman
Fixes #3083
Closes #3101

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Tests: fixes for Windows

- test 1268 requires unix sockets
- test 2072 must be disabled also for MSYS/MinGW

file: restore old behavior for file:////foo/bar URLs

curl 7.57.0 and up interpret this according to Appendix E.3.2 of RFC
8089 but then returns an error saying this is unimplemented. Thi

file: restore old behavior for file:////foo/bar URLs

curl 7.57.0 and up interpret this according to Appendix E.3.2 of RFC
8089 but then returns an error saying this is unimplemented. This is
actually a regression in behavior on both Windows and Unix.

Before curl 7.57.0 this URL was treated as a path of "//foo/bar" and
then passed to the relevant OS API. This means that the behavior of this
case is actually OS dependent.

The Unix path resolution rules say that the OS must handle swallowing
the extra "/" and so this path is the same as "/foo/bar"

The Windows path resolution rules say that this is a UNC path and
automatically handles the SMB access for the program. So curl on Windows
was already doing Appendix E.3.2 without any special code in curl.

Regression

Closes #2438

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test: add test for bad UNC/SMB path in file: URL