curl_url_set: enforce the max string length check for all parts

Update the docs and test 1559 accordingly

Closes #11273

tests: Add some missing keywords to tests

These are needed to skip some tests when configure options have disabled
certain features.

urlapi: provide more detailed return codes

Previously, the return code CURLUE_MALFORMED_INPUT was used for almost
30 different URL format violations. This made it hard for users to
u

urlapi: provide more detailed return codes

Previously, the return code CURLUE_MALFORMED_INPUT was used for almost
30 different URL format violations. This made it hard for users to
understand why a particular URL was not acceptable. Since the API cannot
point out a specific position within the URL for the problem, this now
instead introduces a number of additional and more fine-grained error
codes to allow the API to return more exactly in what "part" or section
of the URL a problem was detected.

Also bug-fixes curl_url_get() with CURLUPART_ZONEID, which previously
returned CURLUE_OK even if no zoneid existed.

Test cases in 1560 have been adjusted and extended. Tests 1538 and 1559
have been updated.

Updated libcurl-errors.3 and curl_url_strerror() accordingly.

Closes #8049

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urlapi: add curl_url_strerror()

Add curl_url_strerror() to convert CURLUcode into readable string and
facilitate easier troubleshooting in programs using URL API.
Extend CURLUcode wi

urlapi: add curl_url_strerror()

Add curl_url_strerror() to convert CURLUcode into readable string and
facilitate easier troubleshooting in programs using URL API.
Extend CURLUcode with CURLU_LAST for iteration in unit tests.
Update man pages with a mention of new function.
Update example code and tests with new functionality where it fits.

Closes #7605

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tests: use %TESTNUMBER instead of fixed number

This makes the tests easier to copy and relocate to other test numbers
without having to update content.

Closes #6738

CURL_MAX_INPUT_LENGTH: largest acceptable string input size

This limits all accepted input strings passed to libcurl to be less than
CURL_MAX_INPUT_LENGTH (8000000) bytes, for these API

CURL_MAX_INPUT_LENGTH: largest acceptable string input size

This limits all accepted input strings passed to libcurl to be less than
CURL_MAX_INPUT_LENGTH (8000000) bytes, for these API calls:
curl_easy_setopt() and curl_url_set().

The 8000000 number is arbitrary picked and is meant to detect mistakes
or abuse, not to limit actual practical use cases. By limiting the
acceptable string lengths we also reduce the risk of integer overflows
all over.

NOTE: This does not apply to `CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS`.

Test 1559 verifies.

Closes #3805

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