test1543: verify CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL with CURLOPT_CURLU set

Triggered by a bug report from Adam Light:
https://curl.se/mail/lib-2022-06/0013.html - which ended up being mostly
a m

test1543: verify CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL with CURLOPT_CURLU set

Triggered by a bug report from Adam Light:
https://curl.se/mail/lib-2022-06/0013.html - which ended up being mostly
a misunderstanding of how CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL works.

Closes #8971

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