src/lib: remove redundant ternary operators

Closes #15435

source: avoid use of 'very' in comments

tftp: avoid two memcpy/strcpy

Closes #15199

lib: fix unity builds with BearSSL, MSH3, Quiche, OmniOS

- fix MSH3 static symbol clash.
- fix Quiche static symbol clash.
- fix local macro clash with BearSSL header.
- fix loca

lib: fix unity builds with BearSSL, MSH3, Quiche, OmniOS

- fix MSH3 static symbol clash.
- fix Quiche static symbol clash.
- fix local macro clash with BearSSL header.
- fix local macro clash with OmniOS system header.
```
In file included from ../../lib/urldata.h:197,
from ../../lib/altsvc.c:32,
from libcurlall.c:2:
../../lib/cf-socket.h:55:25: error: expected ':', ',', ';', '}' or '__attribute__' before '.' token
55 | #define sa_addr _sa_ex_u.addr
| ^
In file included from ../../lib/urldata.h:197,
from ../../lib/altsvc.c:32,
from libcurlall.c:2:
../../lib/cf-socket.h:55:25: error: expected ':', ',', ';', '}' or '__attribute__' before '.' token
55 | #define sa_addr _sa_ex_u.addr
| ^
```
Ref: https://github.com/curl/curl/actions/runs/10738314933/job/29781644299?pr=14772#step:3:6115

Discovered while adding support for "unity" builds for autotools.

Required-by: #14922
Cherry-picked from #14815
Closes #14932

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lib/src: white space edits to comply better with code style

... as checksrc now finds and complains about these.

Closes #14921

lib: use FMT_ as prefix instead of CURL_FORMAT_

For printf format defines used internally. Makes the code slighly
easier to read.

Closes #14764

tidy-up: misc spelling (bit, ASCII)

Closes #14559

code: language cleanup in comments

Based on the standards and guidelines we use for our documentation.

- expand contractions (they're => they are etc)
- host name = > hostname

code: language cleanup in comments

Based on the standards and guidelines we use for our documentation.

- expand contractions (they're => they are etc)
- host name = > hostname
- file name => filename
- user name = username
- man page => manpage
- run-time => runtime
- set-up => setup
- back-end => backend
- a HTTP => an HTTP
- Two spaces after a period => one space after period

Closes #14073

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lib: xfer_setup and non-blocking shutdown

- clarify Curl_xfer_setup() with RECV/SEND flags and different calls for
which socket they operate on. Add a shutdown flag for secondary

lib: xfer_setup and non-blocking shutdown

- clarify Curl_xfer_setup() with RECV/SEND flags and different calls for
which socket they operate on. Add a shutdown flag for secondary
sockets
- change Curl_xfer_setup() calls to new functions
- implement non-blocking connection shutdown at the end of receiving or
sending a transfer

Closes #13913

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lib: tidy up types and casts

Cherry-picked from #13489
Closes #13862

lib: prefer `var = time(NULL)` over `time(&var)`

Following up on previous occurrences showing up as gcc warnings, replace
the remaining `time(&var)` calls with `var = time(NULL)`, though

lib: prefer `var = time(NULL)` over `time(&var)`

Following up on previous occurrences showing up as gcc warnings, replace
the remaining `time(&var)` calls with `var = time(NULL)`, though these
aren't specifically causing compiler warnings. These are in the TFTP
client code (`lib/tftp.c`), except one which is in a debug branch in
`lib/http_aws_sigv4.c`.

What's unexplainable is that this patch seems to mitigate TFTP tests
often hanging or going into an infinite loop on GHA windows workflows
with MSYS2, mingw-w64 and MSVC (Cygwin is unaffected):
https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/13599#issuecomment-2119372376
TFTP hangs did not entirely disappear though, so could be unrelated.

`time()` docs:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/time-time32-time64
https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/manpages-dev/time.2.en.html

Follow-up to 58ca0a2f0743a586716ca357c382b29e3f08db69 #13800
Follow-up to d0728c9109629ee82b855b350a4c3f1f52ee61df #13643
Closes #13815

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lib: fix compiler warnings (gcc)

Seen when setting `ENABLE_DEBUG=ON` and `-DDEBUGBUILD` for mingw-w64
gcc 13.2.0 CMake unity builds in 'Release' configurations.

```
curl/lib

lib: fix compiler warnings (gcc)

Seen when setting `ENABLE_DEBUG=ON` and `-DDEBUGBUILD` for mingw-w64
gcc 13.2.0 CMake unity builds in 'Release' configurations.

```
curl/lib/curl_gethostname.c:71:5: error: 'strncpy' specified bound 1025 equals destination size [-Werror=stringop-truncation]
71 | strncpy(name, force_hostname, namelen);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from curl/_bld/lib/CMakeFiles/libcurl_object.dir/Unity/unity_0_c.c:175:
In function 'hostcache_timestamp_remove',
inlined from 'Curl_hash_clean_with_criterium' at curl/lib/hash.c:265:19,
inlined from 'Curl_hash_clean_with_criterium' at curl/lib/hash.c:247:1,
inlined from 'hostcache_prune' at curl/lib/hostip.c:228:3,
inlined from 'Curl_hostcache_prune' at curl/lib/hostip.c:256:21:
curl/lib/hostip.c:205:12: error: 'now' may be used uninitialized [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
205 | time_t age = prune->now - c->timestamp;
| ^~~
curl/lib/hostip.c: In function 'Curl_hostcache_prune':
curl/lib/hostip.c:241:10: note: 'now' was declared here
241 | time_t now;
| ^~~
In function 'hostcache_timestamp_remove',
inlined from 'fetch_addr' at curl/lib/hostip.c:310:8:
curl/lib/hostip.c:205:23: error: 'user.now' may be used uninitialized [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
205 | time_t age = prune->now - c->timestamp;
| ~~~~~^~~~~
curl/lib/hostip.c: In function 'fetch_addr':
curl/lib/hostip.c:304:33: note: 'user' declared here
304 | struct hostcache_prune_data user;
| ^~~~
In file included from curl/_bld/lib/CMakeFiles/libcurl_object.dir/Unity/unity_0_c.c:40:
curl/lib/cf-socket.c: In function 'cf_socket_send':
curl/lib/cf-socket.c:1294:10: error: 'c' may be used uninitialized [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
1294 | if(c >= ((100-ctx->wblock_percent)*256/100)) {
| ~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
curl/lib/cf-socket.c:1292:19: note: 'c' was declared here
1292 | unsigned char c;
| ^
In file included from curl/_bld/lib/CMakeFiles/libcurl_object.dir/Unity/unity_0_c.c:364:
In function 'tftp_state_timeout',
inlined from 'tftp_multi_statemach' at curl/lib/tftp.c:1230:27:
curl/lib/tftp.c:1208:5: error: 'current' may be used uninitialized [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
1208 | if(current > state->rx_time + state->retry_time) {
| ^
curl/lib/tftp.c: In function 'tftp_multi_statemach':
curl/lib/tftp.c:1192:10: note: 'current' was declared here
1192 | time_t current;
| ^~~~~~~
```
Ref: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/curlorg/curl/builds/49792835/job/91c8dj5qb36spfe0#L112
Ref: https://github.com/curl/curl/actions/runs/9082968838/job/24960616145#step:12:62

Ref: #13592
Closes #13643

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lib: make protocol handlers store scheme name lowercase

- saves a lowercase operation when the "[scheme]_proxy" name is
generated
- appears less "shouting"
- update test 970, 9

lib: make protocol handlers store scheme name lowercase

- saves a lowercase operation when the "[scheme]_proxy" name is
generated
- appears less "shouting"
- update test 970, 972, 1438 and 1536

Closes #13553

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lib: add Curl_xfer_write_resp_hd

Add method in protocol handlers to allow writing of a single,
0-terminated header line. Avoids parsing and copying these lines.

Closes #13165

lib: further send/upload handling polish

- Move all the "upload_done" handling to request.c

- add possibility to abort sending of a request
- add `Curl_req_done_sending()` f

lib: further send/upload handling polish

- Move all the "upload_done" handling to request.c

- add possibility to abort sending of a request
- add `Curl_req_done_sending()` for checks
- transfer.c: readwrite_upload() now clean

- removing data->state.ulbuf and data->req.upload_fromhere

- as well as data->req.upload_present
- set data->req.upload_done on having read all from
the client and completely flushed the send buffer

- tftp, remove setting of data->req.upload_fromhere

- serves no purpose as `upload_present` is not set
and the data itself is directly `sendto()` anyway

- smtp, make upload EOB conversion a client reader
- xfer_ulbuf addition

- add xfer_ulbuf for borrowing, similar to xfer_buf
- use in file upload
- use in c-hyper body sending

- h1-proxy, remove init of data->state.uilbuf that is never used
- smb, add own send_buf instead of using data->state.ulbuf

Closes #13010

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lib: Curl_read/Curl_write clarifications

- replace `Curl_read()`, `Curl_write()` and `Curl_nwrite()` to
clarify when and at what level they operate
- send/recv of transfer related

lib: Curl_read/Curl_write clarifications

- replace `Curl_read()`, `Curl_write()` and `Curl_nwrite()` to
clarify when and at what level they operate
- send/recv of transfer related data is now done via
`Curl_xfer_send()/Curl_xfer_recv()` which no longer has
socket/socketindex as parameter. It decides on the transfer
setup of `conn->sockfd` and `conn->writesockfd` on which
connection filter chain to operate.
- send/recv on a specific connection filter chain is done via
`Curl_conn_send()/Curl_conn_recv()` which get the socket index
as parameter.
- rename `Curl_setup_transfer()` to `Curl_xfer_setup()` for
naming consistency
- clarify that the special CURLE_AGAIN hangling to return
`CURLE_OK` with length 0 only applies to `Curl_xfer_send()`
and CURLE_AGAIN is returned by all other send() variants.
- fix a bug in websocket `curl_ws_recv()` that mixed up data
when it arrived in more than a single chunk (to be made
into a sperate PR, also)

Added as documented [in
CLIENT-READER.md](https://github.com/curl/curl/blob/5b1f31dfbab8aef467c419c68aa06dc738cb75d4/docs/CLIENT-READERS.md).

- old `Curl_buffer_send()` completely replaced by new `Curl_req_send()`
- old `Curl_fillreadbuffer()` replaced with `Curl_client_read()`
- HTTP chunked uploads are now formatted in a client reader added when
needed.
- FTP line-end conversions are done in a client reader added when
needed.
- when sending requests headers, remaining buffer space is filled with
body data for sending in "one go". This is independent of the request
body size. Resolves #12938 as now small and large requests have the
same code path.

Changes done to test cases:

- test513: now fails before sending request headers as this initial
"client read" triggers the setup fault. Behaves now the same as in
hyper build
- test547, test555, test1620: fix the length check in the lib code to
only fail for reads *smaller* than expected. This was a bug in the
test code that never triggered in the old implementation.

Closes #12969

show more ...

lib: send rework

Curl_read/Curl_write clarifications

- replace `Curl_read()`, `Curl_write()` and `Curl_nwrite()` to 1clarify
when and at what level they operate

- sen

lib: send rework

Curl_read/Curl_write clarifications

- replace `Curl_read()`, `Curl_write()` and `Curl_nwrite()` to 1clarify
when and at what level they operate

- send/recv of transfer related data is now done via
`Curl_xfer_send()/Curl_xfer_recv()` which no longer has
socket/socketindex as parameter. It decides on the transfer setup of
`conn->sockfd` and `conn->writesockfd` on which connection filter
chain to operate.

- send/recv on a specific connection filter chain is done via
`Curl_conn_send()/Curl_conn_recv()` which get the socket index as
parameter.

- rename `Curl_setup_transfer()` to `Curl_xfer_setup()` for naming
consistency

- clarify that the special CURLE_AGAIN handling to return `CURLE_OK`
with length 0 only applies to `Curl_xfer_send()` and CURLE_AGAIN is
returned by all other send() variants.

SingleRequest reshuffling

- move functions into request.[ch]
- differentiate between reset and free
- add Curl_req_done() to perform last actions
- add a send `bufq` to SingleRequest for future use in keeping upload data

Closes #12963

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lib: replace readwrite with write_resp

This clarifies the handling of server responses by folding the code for
the complicated protocols into their protocol handlers. This concerns
m

lib: replace readwrite with write_resp

This clarifies the handling of server responses by folding the code for
the complicated protocols into their protocol handlers. This concerns
mainly HTTP and its bastard sibling RTSP.

The terms "read" and "write" are often used without clear context if
they refer to the connect or the client/application side of a
transfer. This PR uses "read/write" for operations on the client side
and "send/receive" for the connection, e.g. server side. If this is
considered useful, we can revisit renaming of further methods in another
PR.

Curl's protocol handler `readwrite()` method been changed:

```diff
- CURLcode (*readwrite)(struct Curl_easy *data, struct connectdata *conn,
- const char *buf, size_t blen,
- size_t *pconsumed, bool *readmore);
+ CURLcode (*write_resp)(struct Curl_easy *data, const char *buf, size_t blen,
+ bool is_eos, bool *done);
```

The name was changed to clarify that this writes reponse data to the
client side. The parameter changes are:

* `conn` removed as it always operates on `data->conn`
* `pconsumed` removed as the method needs to handle all data on success
* `readmore` removed as no longer necessary
* `is_eos` as indicator that this is the last call for the transfer
response (end-of-stream).
* `done` TRUE on return iff the transfer response is to be treated as
finished

This change affects many files only because of updated comments in
handlers that provide no implementation. The real change is that the
HTTP protocol handlers now provide an implementation.

The HTTP protocol handlers `write_resp()` implementation will get passed
**all** raw data of a server response for the transfer. The HTTP/1.x
formatted status and headers, as well as the undecoded response
body. `Curl_http_write_resp_hds()` is used internally to parse the
response headers and pass them on. This method is public as the RTSP
protocol handler also uses it.

HTTP/1.1 "chunked" transport encoding is now part of the general
*content encoding* writer stack, just like other encodings. A new flag
`CLIENTWRITE_EOS` was added for the last client write. This allows
writers to verify that they are in a valid end state. The chunked
decoder will check if it indeed has seen the last chunk.

The general response handling in `transfer.c:466` happens in function
`readwrite_data()`. This mainly operates now like:

```
static CURLcode readwrite_data(data, ...)
{
do {
Curl_xfer_recv_resp(data, buf)
...
Curl_xfer_write_resp(data, buf)
...
} while(interested);
...
}
```

All the response data handling is implemented in
`Curl_xfer_write_resp()`. It calls the protocol handler's `write_resp()`
implementation if available, or does the default behaviour.

All raw response data needs to pass through this function. Which also
means that anyone in possession of such data may call
`Curl_xfer_write_resp()`.

Closes #12480

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setopt: check CURLOPT_TFTP_BLKSIZE range on set

... instead of later when the transfer is about to happen.

Closes #12374

lib: client writer, part 2, accounting + logging

This PR has these changes:

Renaming of unencode_* to cwriter, e.g. client writers
- documentation of sendf.h functions
- mov

lib: client writer, part 2, accounting + logging

This PR has these changes:

Renaming of unencode_* to cwriter, e.g. client writers
- documentation of sendf.h functions
- move max decode stack checks back to content_encoding.c
- define writer phase which was used as order before
- introduce phases for monitoring inbetween decode phases
- offering default implementations for init/write/close

Add type paramter to client writer's do_write()
- always pass all writes through the writer stack
- writers who only care about BODY data will pass other writes unchanged

add RAW and PROTOCOL client writers
- RAW used for Curl_debug() logging of CURLINFO_DATA_IN
- PROTOCOL used for updates to data->req.bytecount, max_filesize checks and
Curl_pgrsSetDownloadCounter()
- remove all updates of data->req.bytecount and calls to
Curl_pgrsSetDownloadCounter() and Curl_debug() from other code
- adjust test457 expected output to no longer see the excess write

Closes #12184

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lib: let the max filesize option stop too big transfers too

Previously it would only stop them from getting started if the size is
known to be too big then.

Update the libcurl a

lib: let the max filesize option stop too big transfers too

Previously it would only stop them from getting started if the size is
known to be too big then.

Update the libcurl and curl docs accordingly.

Fixes #11810
Reported-by: Elliot Killick
Assisted-by: Jay Satiro
Closes #11820

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lib: unify the upload/method handling

By making sure we set state.upload based on the set.method value and not
independently as set.upload, we reduce confusion and mixup risks, both

lib: unify the upload/method handling

By making sure we set state.upload based on the set.method value and not
independently as set.upload, we reduce confusion and mixup risks, both
internally and externally.

Closes #11017

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cf-socket: keep sockaddr local in the socket filters

- copy `struct Curl_addrinfo` on filter setup into context
- remove `struct Curl_addrinfoi *` with `struct Curl_sockaddr_ex *` in

cf-socket: keep sockaddr local in the socket filters

- copy `struct Curl_addrinfo` on filter setup into context
- remove `struct Curl_addrinfoi *` with `struct Curl_sockaddr_ex *` in
connectdata that is set and NULLed by the socket filter
- this means we have no reference to the resolver info in connectdata or
its filters
- trigger the CF_CTRL_CONN_INFO_UPDATE event when the complete filter
chain reaches connected status
- update easy handle connection information on CF_CTRL_DATA_SETUP event.

Closes #10213

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copyright: update all copyright lines and remove year ranges

- they are mostly pointless in all major jurisdictions
- many big corporations and projects already don't use them
- save

copyright: update all copyright lines and remove year ranges

- they are mostly pointless in all major jurisdictions
- many big corporations and projects already don't use them
- saves us from pointless churn
- git keeps history for us
- the year range is kept in COPYING

checksrc is updated to allow non-year using copyright statements

Closes #10205

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copyright: make repository REUSE compliant

Add licensing and copyright information for all files in this repository. This
either happens in the file itself as a comment header or in the

copyright: make repository REUSE compliant

Add licensing and copyright information for all files in this repository. This
either happens in the file itself as a comment header or in the file
`.reuse/dep5`.

This commit also adds a Github workflow to check pull requests and adapts
copyright.pl to the changes.

Closes #8869

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