curl_addrinfo: support operating systems with only getaddrinfo(3)

The gethostbyname(3) family was removed in POSIX-1.2008 in favor of
getaddrinfo(3) introduced in POSIX-1.2001. Modern PO

curl_addrinfo: support operating systems with only getaddrinfo(3)

The gethostbyname(3) family was removed in POSIX-1.2008 in favor of
getaddrinfo(3) introduced in POSIX-1.2001. Modern POSIX systems such as
Sortix does not have gethostbyname nor the related definitions and
structures.

curl already only uses getaddrinfo(3) if available and thread safe,
although there is mild breakage if the related gethostbyname definitions
are missing.

This change attempts to fix that breakage:

Remove an unnecessary configure error if gethostbyname is missing since
getaddrinfo is enough as a fallback.

Rewrite Curl_ip2addr to not use struct hostent as it no longer is
standardized and create the struct Curl_addrinfo directly.

Only define the Curl_he2ai function on non-getaddrinfo systems where it
is going to be used with struct hoestent.

Revoke the fallback logic for when it's unknown whether getaddrinfo is
thread safe. It doesn't appear to make any sense since h_errno is
unrelated to getaddrinfo. The logic prevents new POSIX.1-2024 systems
from passing the thread safety test since h_errno does not exist anymore
and POSIX already requires getaddrinfo to be thread safe. There's
already a denylist in place for operating systems with known buggy
implementations.

Closes #15475

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tidy-up: OS names

Use these words and casing more consistently across text, comments and
one curl tool output:
AIX, ALPN, ANSI, BSD, Cygwin, Darwin, FreeBSD, GitHub, HP-UX, Linux,

tidy-up: OS names

Use these words and casing more consistently across text, comments and
one curl tool output:
AIX, ALPN, ANSI, BSD, Cygwin, Darwin, FreeBSD, GitHub, HP-UX, Linux,
macOS, MS-DOS, MSYS, MinGW, NTLM, POSIX, Solaris, UNIX, Unix, Unicode,
WINE, WebDAV, Win32, winbind, WinIDN, Windows, Windows CE, Winsock.

Mostly OS names and a few more.

Also a couple of other minor text fixups.

Closes #14360

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code: language cleanup in comments

Based on the standards and guidelines we use for our documentation.

- expand contractions (they're => they are etc)
- host name = > hostname

code: language cleanup in comments

Based on the standards and guidelines we use for our documentation.

- expand contractions (they're => they are etc)
- host name = > hostname
- file name => filename
- user name = username
- man page => manpage
- run-time => runtime
- set-up => setup
- back-end => backend
- a HTTP => an HTTP
- Two spaces after a period => one space after period

Closes #14073

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copyright: update all copyright lines and remove year ranges

- they are mostly pointless in all major jurisdictions
- many big corporations and projects already don't use them
- save

copyright: update all copyright lines and remove year ranges

- they are mostly pointless in all major jurisdictions
- many big corporations and projects already don't use them
- saves us from pointless churn
- git keeps history for us
- the year range is kept in COPYING

checksrc is updated to allow non-year using copyright statements

Closes #10205

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lib: sync guard for Curl_getaddrinfo_ex() definition and use

`Curl_getaddrinfo_ex()` gets _defined_ with `HAVE_GETADDRINFO` set. But,
`hostip4.c` _used_ it with `HAVE_GETADDRINFO_THREADS

lib: sync guard for Curl_getaddrinfo_ex() definition and use

`Curl_getaddrinfo_ex()` gets _defined_ with `HAVE_GETADDRINFO` set. But,
`hostip4.c` _used_ it with `HAVE_GETADDRINFO_THREADSAFE` set alone. It
meant a build with the latter, but without the former flag could result
in calling this function but not defining it, and failing to link.

Patch this by adding an extra check for `HAVE_GETATTRINFO` around the
call.

Before this patch, build systems prevented this condition. Now they
don't need to.

While here, simplify the related CMake logic on Windows by setting
`HAVE_GETADDRINFO_THREADSAFE` to the detection result of
`HAVE_GETADDRINFO`. This expresses the following intent clearer than
the previous patch and keeps the logic in a single block of code:
When we have `getaddrinfo()` on Windows, it's always threadsafe.

Follow-up to 67d88626d44ec04b9e11dca4cfbf62cd29fe9781

Reviewed-by: Jay Satiro
Closes #9734

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tidy-up: process.h detection and use

This patch aims to cleanup the use of `process.h` header and the macro
`HAVE_PROCESS_H` associated with it.

- `process.h` is always availabl

tidy-up: process.h detection and use

This patch aims to cleanup the use of `process.h` header and the macro
`HAVE_PROCESS_H` associated with it.

- `process.h` is always available on Windows. In curl, it is required
only for `_beginthreadex()` in `lib/curl_threads.c`.

- `process.h` is also available in MS-DOS. In curl, its only use was in
`lib/smb.c` for `getpid()`. But `getpid()` is in fact declared by
`unistd.h`, which is always enabled via `lib/config-dos.h`. So the
header is not necessary.

- `HAVE_PROCESS_H` was detected by CMake, forced to 1 on Windows and
left to real detection for other platforms.
It was also set to always-on in `lib/config-win32.h` and
`lib/config-dos.h`.
In autotools builds, there was no detection and the macro was never
set.

Based on these observations, in this patch we:

- Rework Windows `getpid` logic in `lib/smb.c` to always use the
equivalent direct Win32 API function `GetCurrentProcessId()`, as we
already did for Windows UWP apps. This makes `process.h` unnecessary
here on Windows.

- Stop #including `process.h` into files where it was not necessary.
This is everywhere, except `lib/curl_threads.c`.

> Strangely enough, `lib/curl_threads.c` compiled fine with autotools
> because `process.h` is also indirecty included via `unistd.h`. This
> might have been broken in autotools MSVC builds, where the latter
> header is missing.

- Delete all remaining `HAVE_PROCESS_H` feature guards, for they were
unnecessary.

- Delete `HAVE_PROCESS_H` detection from CMake and predefined values
from `lib/config-*.h` headers.

Reviewed-by: Jay Satiro
Closes #9703

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amigaos: fix threaded resolver on AmigaOS 4.x

Replace ip4 resolution function on AmigaOS 4.x, as it requires runtime
feature detection and extra code to make it thread safe.

Clo

amigaos: fix threaded resolver on AmigaOS 4.x

Replace ip4 resolution function on AmigaOS 4.x, as it requires runtime
feature detection and extra code to make it thread safe.

Closes #9265

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copyright: make repository REUSE compliant

Add licensing and copyright information for all files in this repository. This
either happens in the file itself as a comment header or in the

copyright: make repository REUSE compliant

Add licensing and copyright information for all files in this repository. This
either happens in the file itself as a comment header or in the file
`.reuse/dep5`.

This commit also adds a Github workflow to check pull requests and adapts
copyright.pl to the changes.

Closes #8869

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strerror.h: remove the #include from files not using it

infof: remove newline from format strings, always append it

- the data needs to be "line-based" anyway since it's also passed to the
debug callback/application

- it makes info

infof: remove newline from format strings, always append it

- the data needs to be "line-based" anyway since it's also passed to the
debug callback/application

- it makes infof() work like failf() and consistency is good

- there's an assert that triggers on newlines in the format string

- Also removes a few instances of "..."

- Removes the code that would append "..." to the end of the data *iff*
it was truncated in infof()

Closes #7357

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hostip: remove conn->data from resolver functions

This also moves the 'async' struct from the connectdata struct into the
Curl_easy struct, which seems like a better home for it.

hostip: remove conn->data from resolver functions

This also moves the 'async' struct from the connectdata struct into the
Curl_easy struct, which seems like a better home for it.

Closes #6497

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lib: pass in 'struct Curl_easy *' to most functions

... in most cases instead of 'struct connectdata *' but in some cases in
addition to.

- We mostly operate on transfers and no

lib: pass in 'struct Curl_easy *' to most functions

... in most cases instead of 'struct connectdata *' but in some cases in
addition to.

- We mostly operate on transfers and not connections.

- We need the transfer handle to log, store data and more. Everything in
libcurl is driven by a transfer (the CURL * in the public API).

- This work clarifies and separates the transfers from the connections
better.

- We should avoid "conn->data". Since individual connections can be used
by many transfers when multiplexing, making sure that conn->data
points to the current and correct transfer at all times is difficult
and has been notoriously error-prone over the years. The goal is to
ultimately remove the conn->data pointer for this reason.

Closes #6425

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curl.se: new home

Closes #6172

source cleanup: remove all custom typedef structs

- Stick to a single unified way to use structs
- Make checksrc complain on 'typedef struct {'
- Allow them in tests, public heade

source cleanup: remove all custom typedef structs

- Stick to a single unified way to use structs
- Make checksrc complain on 'typedef struct {'
- Allow them in tests, public headers and examples

- Let MD4_CTX, MD5_CTX, and SHA256_CTX typedefs remain as they actually
typedef different types/structs depending on build conditions.

Closes #5338

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fix: Copyright year out of date, should be 2020

Follow-up to 875314ed0bf3b

hostip: move code to resolve IP address literals to `Curl_resolv`

The code was duplicated in the various resolver backends.

Also, it was called after the call to `Curl_ipvalid`, whi

hostip: move code to resolve IP address literals to `Curl_resolv`

The code was duplicated in the various resolver backends.

Also, it was called after the call to `Curl_ipvalid`, which matters in
case of `CURLRES_IPV4` when called from `connect.c:bindlocal`. This
caused test 1048 to fail on classic MinGW.

The code ignores `conn->ip_version` as done previously in the
individual resolver backends.

Move the call to the `resolver_start` callback up to appease test 655,
which wants it to be called also for literal addresses.

Closes https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/4798

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hostip4.c: bump copyright year range

curl_setup: disable IPv6 resolver without `getaddrinfo`

Also, use `CURLRES_IPV6` only for actual DNS resolution, not for IPv6
address support. This makes it possible to connect to IPv6 l

curl_setup: disable IPv6 resolver without `getaddrinfo`

Also, use `CURLRES_IPV6` only for actual DNS resolution, not for IPv6
address support. This makes it possible to connect to IPv6 literals by
setting `ENABLE_IPV6` even without `getaddrinfo` support. It also fixes
the CMake build when using the synchronous resolver without
`getaddrinfo` support.

Closes https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/4662

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snprintf: renamed and we now only use msnprintf()

The function does not return the same value as snprintf() normally does,
so readers may be mislead into thinking the code works differen

snprintf: renamed and we now only use msnprintf()

The function does not return the same value as snprintf() normally does,
so readers may be mislead into thinking the code works differently than
it actually does. A different function name makes this easier to detect.

Reported-by: Tomas Hoger
Assisted-by: Daniel Gustafsson
Fixes #3296
Closes #3297

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resolvers: only include anything if needed

This avoids warnings about unused stuff.

Closes https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/2023

code style: use spaces around pluses

checksrc: white space edits to comply to stricter checksrc

lib: include curl_printf.h as one of the last headers

curl_printf.h defines printf to curl_mprintf, etc. This can cause
problems with external headers which may use
__attribute__((fo

lib: include curl_printf.h as one of the last headers

curl_printf.h defines printf to curl_mprintf, etc. This can cause
problems with external headers which may use
__attribute__((format(printf, ...))) markers etc.

To avoid that they cause problems with system includes, we include
curl_printf.h after any system headers. That makes the three last
headers to always be, and we keep them in this order:

curl_printf.h
curl_memory.h
memdebug.h

None of them include system headers, they all do funny #defines.

Reported-by: David Benjamin

Fixes #743

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URLs: change all http:// URLs to https://

mprintf.h: remove #ifdef CURLDEBUG

... and as a consequence, introduce curl_printf.h with that re-define
magic instead and make all libcurl code use that instead.