Fix GH-14808: Unexpected null pointer in Zend/zend_string.h with empty output buffer

The output buffer can be NULL when the number of bytes is zero.

Closes GH-14815.

Replace memcmp() with zend_string functions (#8216)

* ext/oci8: use zend_string_equals()

Eliminate duplicate code.

* main/php_variables: use zend_string_equals_literal()

Replace memcmp() with zend_string functions (#8216)

* ext/oci8: use zend_string_equals()

Eliminate duplicate code.

* main/php_variables: use zend_string_equals_literal()

Eliminate duplicate code.

* Zend/zend_string: add zend_string_equals_cstr()

Allows eliminating duplicate code.

* Zend, ext/{opcache,standard}, main/output: use zend_string_equals_cstr()

Eliminate duplicate code.

* Zend/zend_string: add zend_string_starts_with()

* ext/{opcache,phar,spl,standard}: use zend_string_starts_with()

This adds missing length checks to several callers, e.g. in
cache_script_in_shared_memory(). This is important when the
zend_string is shorter than the string parameter, when memcmp()
happens to check backwards; this can result in an out-of-bounds memory
access.

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Use more compact representation for packed arrays.

- for packed arrays we store just an array of zvals without keys.
- the elements of packed array are accessible throuf as ht->arPacked[

Use more compact representation for packed arrays.

- for packed arrays we store just an array of zvals without keys.
- the elements of packed array are accessible throuf as ht->arPacked[i]
instead of ht->arData[i]
- in addition to general ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_* macros, we introduced similar
familied for packed (ZEND_HASH_PACKED_FORECH_*) and real hashes
(ZEND_HASH_MAP_FOREACH_*)
- introduced an additional family of macros to access elements of array
(packed or real hashes) ZEND_ARRAY_ELEMET_SIZE, ZEND_ARRAY_ELEMET_EX,
ZEND_ARRAY_ELEMET, ZEND_ARRAY_NEXT_ELEMENT, ZEND_ARRAY_PREV_ELEMENT
- zend_hash_minmax() prototype was changed to compare only values

Because of smaller data set, this patch may show performance improvement
on some apps and benchmarks that use packed arrays. (~1% on PHP-Parser)

TODO:
- sapi/phpdbg needs special support for packed arrays (WATCH_ON_BUCKET).
- zend_hash_sort_ex() may require converting packed arrays to hash.

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Merge branch 'PHP-8.0'

* PHP-8.0:
Fix #72595: php_output_handler_append illegal write access

Merge branch 'PHP-7.4' into PHP-8.0

* PHP-7.4:
Fix #72595: php_output_handler_append illegal write access

Fix #72595: php_output_handler_append illegal write access

We must make sure that `handler->buffer.size + grow_max` does not
overflow, so we're using `safe_erealloc()` instead.

Fix #72595: php_output_handler_append illegal write access

We must make sure that `handler->buffer.size + grow_max` does not
overflow, so we're using `safe_erealloc()` instead.

Closes GH-7241.

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Fixed some spaces used instead of tabs

Update http->https in license (#6945)

1. Update: http://www.php.net/license/3_01.txt to https, as there is anyway server header "Location:" to https.
2. Update few license 3.0 to 3.01 as

Update http->https in license (#6945)

1. Update: http://www.php.net/license/3_01.txt to https, as there is anyway server header "Location:" to https.
2. Update few license 3.0 to 3.01 as 3.0 states "php 5.1.1, 4.1.1, and earlier".
3. In some license comments is "at through the world-wide-web" while most is without "at", so deleted.
4. fixed indentation in some files before |

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Fix spelling and grammar mistakes

This PR corrects misspellings identified by the check-spelling action.

The misspellings have been reported at jsoref@b6ba3e2#commitcomment-48946465

Fix spelling and grammar mistakes

This PR corrects misspellings identified by the check-spelling action.

The misspellings have been reported at jsoref@b6ba3e2#commitcomment-48946465

The action reports that the changes in this PR would make it happy: jsoref@602417c

Closes GH-6822.

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Introduce pseudo-keyword ZEND_FALLTHROUGH

And use it instead of comments

Replace zend_bool uses with bool

We're starting to see a mix between uses of zend_bool and bool.
Replace all usages with the standard bool type everywhere.

Of course, zend_bool

Replace zend_bool uses with bool

We're starting to see a mix between uses of zend_bool and bool.
Replace all usages with the standard bool type everywhere.

Of course, zend_bool is retained as an alias.

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Make convert_to_*_ex simple aliases of convert_to_*

Historically, the _ex variants separated the zval first, if a
conversion was necessary. This distinction no longer makes sense
sin

Make convert_to_*_ex simple aliases of convert_to_*

Historically, the _ex variants separated the zval first, if a
conversion was necessary. This distinction no longer makes sense
since PHP 7.

The only difference that was still left is that _ex checked whether
the type is the same first, but the usage of these macros did not
actually distinguish on whether such an inlined check is valuable
or not in a given context.

Also drop the unused convert_to_explicit_type macros.

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Merge branch 'PHP-8.0'

* PHP-8.0:
Properly handle NULL output start filename

Properly handle NULL output start filename

Remove unused global

Make sure output start filename is not freed early

As filenames are no longer interned, we need to keep a reference
to the zend_string to make sure it isn't freed.

To avoid a no

Make sure output start filename is not freed early

As filenames are no longer interned, we need to keep a reference
to the zend_string to make sure it isn't freed.

To avoid a nominal source compatibility break, create a new member
in the globals.

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Change int parameter types to bool when the parameter behaves as bool

Closes GH-6148

Remove proto comments from C files

Closes GH-5758

Code tweaks: Remove unneeded semicolons

Make error messages more consistent by fixing capitalization

Closes GH-5066 As a first step, let's capitalize their initial letter when it is applicable.

Use RETURN_THROWS() during ZPP in main, sapi, win32, and Zend

Remove mention of PHP major version in Copyright headers

Closes GH-4732.

Add some basic_functions stubs

Finish func_info updates for ext/standard

Avoid reinitailization of ZTS cache pointer. Initialize it once in TSRM.c