Fix memory leak

Fixes oss-fuzz #44222

Fixed incorrect behavior of observer API.

ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION might call zend_observer_fcall_end() even if exception is cought by function. The fix moved zend_observer_fcall_end() into a r

Fixed incorrect behavior of observer API.

ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION might call zend_observer_fcall_end() even if exception is cought by function. The fix moved zend_observer_fcall_end() into a right place and remove OBSERVER sepecialization for ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION handler.

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Remove specialization of SPEC(OBSERVER) handlers

Add zend_observer API

Closes GH-5857.

Co-authored-by: Nikita Popov <nikita.ppv@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sammy Powers <sammyk@datadoghq.com>

Implement named parameters

From an engine perspective, named parameters mainly add three
concepts:

* The SEND_* opcodes now accept a CONST op2, which is the
argument nam

Implement named parameters

From an engine perspective, named parameters mainly add three
concepts:

* The SEND_* opcodes now accept a CONST op2, which is the
argument name. For now, it is looked up by linear scan and
runtime cached.
* This may leave UNDEF arguments on the stack. To avoid having
to deal with them in other places, a CHECK_UNDEF_ARGS opcode
is used to either replace them with defaults, or error.
* For variadic functions, EX(extra_named_params) are collected
and need to be freed based on ZEND_CALL_HAS_EXTRA_NAMED_PARAMS.

RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/named_params

Closes GH-5357.

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Implement nullsafe ?-> operator

RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/nullsafe_operator

Closes GH-5619.

Co-authored-by: Nikita Popov <nikita.ppv@gmail.com>

Implement match expression

RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/match_expression_v2

Closes GH-5371.

Revert "Fetch for read in nested property assignments"

This reverts commit bb43a3822e42dbd15b1d416a166549d3980b379a.

After thinking about this a bit more, this is now going to be

Revert "Fetch for read in nested property assignments"

This reverts commit bb43a3822e42dbd15b1d416a166549d3980b379a.

After thinking about this a bit more, this is now going to be
a complete solution for the "readonly properties" case, for example:

unset($foo->readOnly->bar);

should also be legal and

$foo->readOnly['bar'] = 42;

should also be legal if $foo->readOnly is not an array but an
ArrayAccess object.

I think it may be better to distinguish better on the BP_VAR flag
level. Reverting for now.

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Fetch for read in nested property assignments

$a->b->c = 'd';

is now compiled the same way as

$b = $a->b;
$b->c = 'd';

That is, we perform a read f

Fetch for read in nested property assignments

$a->b->c = 'd';

is now compiled the same way as

$b = $a->b;
$b->c = 'd';

That is, we perform a read fetch on $a->b, rather than a write
fetch.

This is possible, because PHP 8 removed auto-vivification support
for objects, so $a->b->c = 'd' may no longer modify $a->b proper
(i.e. not counting interior mutability of the object).

Closes GH-5250.

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Add support for $obj::class

This allows $obj::class, which gives the same result as get_class($obj).
Anything other than an object results in TypeError.

RFC: https://wiki.php.ne

Add support for $obj::class

This allows $obj::class, which gives the same result as get_class($obj).
Anything other than an object results in TypeError.

RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/class_name_literal_on_object

Closes GH-5065.

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Inline hot parts of bitwise instructions into hybrid VM

Speed up ZEND_IS_IDENTICAL when it can't throw

Add a specialized opcode handler to use for `===`/`!==` when:

1. At least one side is a $cv, and the other is a $cv or CONST
(a

Speed up ZEND_IS_IDENTICAL when it can't throw

Add a specialized opcode handler to use for `===`/`!==` when:

1. At least one side is a $cv, and the other is a $cv or CONST
(avoids the need to free operands)
2. Neither operand can be undefined or a reference
(avoids the need for error handling and dereferencing)

```
// Elapsed time decreased from 0.275 seconds to 0.243 seconds in combination
// with PR #4982
function count_same(array $values) {
$same = 0;
foreach ($values as $x) {
foreach ($values as $y) {
if ($y === $x) {
$same++;
}
}
}
return $same;
}
$values = range(0, 5000);
$values[] = new stdClass();
$values[] = null;
$values[] = 3;
$start = microtime(true);
$total = count_same($values);
```

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RECV opcode optimization

Actually remove the YIELD key specialization

I only adjusted the code before, without switching to TMPVAR.

Reduce YIELD_FROM specialization

Generator delegation is a complex compound operation, it does not
make a lot of sense to optimize refcounting here to this degree.

Reduce ZEND_THROW specialization

Throwing is very expensive due to the need of gathering the backtrace,
so it makes little sense to optimize refcounting to this degree.

Avoid over-specialization

Avoid references in TMP var

Make sure we deref the OBJ_IS result, because we store it in a TMP
var, which is not allowed to contain references and will cause
assertion failures in th

Avoid references in TMP var

Make sure we deref the OBJ_IS result, because we store it in a TMP
var, which is not allowed to contain references and will cause
assertion failures in the unspecialized VM.

This also partially reverts fd463a9a6078074f8f648982b42bdd14423fb614,
which merged the TMP and VAR specializations of COALESCE to work
around this bug.

An alternative would be to change the result type of OBJ_IS back
to VAR.

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Avoid extra specialization for cold opcodes

Added specialization for comparison instructions and QM_ASSIGN

Slit INC/DEC opcodes into hot/cold parts and remove specialized versioins for LONG_OR_DOUBLE.

Separate "cold" parts of comparison instructions

Separate "cold" parts of binary op instructions

Remove duplicated code for (PRE|POST)_DEC_(OBJ|STATIC_PROP) opcodes

Replace ZEND_ASSIGN_ADD (and others) by ZEND_ASSIGN_OP, ZEND_ASSIGN_DIM_OP, ZEND_ASSGIN_OBJ_OP and ZEND_ASSIGN_STATIC_PROP_OP