1<?php 2$_SERVER['BASE_PAGE'] = 'releases/8.0/en.php'; 3include_once __DIR__ . '/common.php'; 4 5releases\php80\common_header( 6 'PHP 8.0 is a major update of the PHP language. ' . 7 'It contains many new features and optimizations including ' . 8 'named arguments, union types, attributes, constructor property promotion, ' . 9 'match expression, nullsafe operator, JIT, and ' . 10 'improvements in the type system, error handling, and consistency.'); 11 12?> 13<section class="php8-section php8-section_dark php8-section_header center"> 14 <div class="page-tools"> 15 <div class="change-language"> 16 <?php releases\php80\language_chooser('en'); ?> 17 </div> 18 </div> 19 <div class="php8-section__content"> 20 <div class="php8-logo"> 21 <img src="/images/php8/logo_php8.svg" alt="php8" height="126" width="343"> 22 </div> 23 <div class="php8-title">Released!</div> 24 <div class="php8-subtitle"> 25 PHP 8.0 is a major update of the PHP language.<br class="display-none-md"> It contains many new features and 26 optimizations including named arguments, union types, attributes, constructor property promotion, match 27 expression, nullsafe operator, JIT, and improvements in the type system, error handling, and consistency. 28 </div> 29 <div class="php8-button-wrapper center"> 30 <a class="php8-button php8-button_light" href="/downloads">Upgrade to PHP 8 now!</a> 31 </div> 32 </div> 33</section> 34 35<section class="php8-section center"> 36 <div class="php8-compare"> 37 <h2 class="php8-h2" id="named-arguments"> 38 Named arguments 39 <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/named_params">RFC</a> 40 </h2> 41 <div class="php8-compare__main"> 42 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 43 <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div> 44 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 45 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 46 'htmlspecialchars($string, ENT_COMPAT | ENT_HTML401, \'UTF-8\', false);', 47 );?> 48 </div> 49 50 51 </div> 52 <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div> 53 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 54 <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div> 55 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 56 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 57 'htmlspecialchars($string, double_encode: false);', 58 );?> 59 </div> 60 </div> 61 </div> 62 <div class="php8-compare__content"> 63 <ul> 64 <li>Specify only required parameters, skipping optional ones.</li> 65 <li>Arguments are order-independent and self-documented.</li> 66 </ul> 67 </div> 68 </div> 69 70 <div class="php8-compare"> 71 <h2 class="php8-h2" id="attributes"> 72 Attributes 73 <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/attributes_v2">RFC</a> <a class="php8-rfc" href="/manual/en/language.attributes.php">Doc</a> 74 </h2> 75 <div class="php8-compare__main"> 76 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 77 <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div> 78 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 79 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 80 'class PostsController 81{ 82 /** 83 * @Route("/api/posts/{id}", methods={"GET"}) 84 */ 85 public function get($id) { /* ... */ } 86}', 87 );?> 88 </div> 89 </div> 90 <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div> 91 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 92 <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div> 93 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 94 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 95 'class PostsController 96{ 97 #[Route("/api/posts/{id}", methods: ["GET"])] 98 public function get($id) { /* ... */ } 99}', 100 );?> 101 </div> 102 </div> 103 </div> 104 <div class="php8-compare__content"> 105 <p>Instead of PHPDoc annotations, you can now use structured metadata with PHP's native syntax.</p> 106 </div> 107 </div> 108 109 <div class="php8-compare"> 110 <h2 class="php8-h2" id="constructor-property-promotion"> 111 Constructor property promotion 112 <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/constructor_promotion">RFC</a> <a class="php8-rfc" href="/manual/en/language.oop5.decon.php#language.oop5.decon.constructor.promotion">Doc</a> 113 </h2> 114 <div class="php8-compare__main"> 115 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 116 <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div> 117 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 118 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 119 'class Point { 120 public float $x; 121 public float $y; 122 public float $z; 123 124 public function __construct( 125 float $x = 0.0, 126 float $y = 0.0, 127 float $z = 0.0 128 ) { 129 $this->x = $x; 130 $this->y = $y; 131 $this->z = $z; 132 } 133}', 134 );?> 135 </div> 136 </div> 137 <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div> 138 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 139 <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div> 140 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 141 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 142 'class Point { 143 public function __construct( 144 public float $x = 0.0, 145 public float $y = 0.0, 146 public float $z = 0.0, 147 ) {} 148}', 149 );?> 150 </div> 151 </div> 152 </div> 153 <div class="php8-compare__content"> 154 <p>Less boilerplate code to define and initialize properties.</p> 155 </div> 156 </div> 157 158 <div class="php8-compare"> 159 <h2 class="php8-h2" id="union-types"> 160 Union types 161 <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/union_types_v2">RFC</a> <a class="php8-rfc" href="/manual/en/language.types.declarations.php#language.types.declarations.union">Doc</a> 162 </h2> 163 <div class="php8-compare__main"> 164 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 165 <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div> 166 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 167 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 168 'class Number { 169 /** @var int|float */ 170 private $number; 171 172 /** 173 * @param float|int $number 174 */ 175 public function __construct($number) { 176 $this->number = $number; 177 } 178} 179 180new Number(\'NaN\'); // Ok', 181 );?> 182 </div> 183 </div> 184 <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div> 185 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 186 <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div> 187 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 188 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 189 'class Number { 190 public function __construct( 191 private int|float $number 192 ) {} 193} 194 195new Number(\'NaN\'); // TypeError', 196 );?> 197 </div> 198 </div> 199 </div> 200 <div class="php8-compare__content"> 201 <p>Instead of PHPDoc annotations for a combination of types, you can use native union type declarations that are 202 validated at runtime.</p> 203 </div> 204 </div> 205 206 <div class="php8-compare"> 207 <h2 class="php8-h2" id="match-expression"> 208 Match expression 209 <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/match_expression_v2">RFC</a> <a class="php8-rfc" href="/manual/en/control-structures.match.php">Doc</a> 210 </h2> 211 <div class="php8-compare__main"> 212 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 213 <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div> 214 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 215 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 216 'switch (8.0) { 217 case \'8.0\': 218 $result = "Oh no!"; 219 break; 220 case 8.0: 221 $result = "This is what I expected"; 222 break; 223} 224echo $result; 225//> Oh no!', 226 );?> 227 </div> 228 </div> 229 <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div> 230 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 231 <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div> 232 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 233 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 234 'echo match (8.0) { 235 \'8.0\' => "Oh no!", 236 8.0 => "This is what I expected", 237}; 238//> This is what I expected', 239 );?> 240 </div> 241 </div> 242 </div> 243 <div class="php8-compare__content"> 244 <p>The new match is similar to switch and has the following features:</p> 245 <ul> 246 <li>Match is an expression, meaning its result can be stored in a variable or returned.</li> 247 <li>Match branches only support single-line expressions and do not need a break; statement.</li> 248 <li>Match does strict comparisons.</li> 249 </ul> 250 </div> 251 </div> 252 253 <div class="php8-compare"> 254 <h2 class="php8-h2" id="nullsafe-operator"> 255 Nullsafe operator 256 <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/nullsafe_operator">RFC</a> 257 </h2> 258 <div class="php8-compare__main"> 259 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 260 <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div> 261 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 262 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 263 '$country = null; 264 265if ($session !== null) { 266 $user = $session->user; 267 268 if ($user !== null) { 269 $address = $user->getAddress(); 270 271 if ($address !== null) { 272 $country = $address->country; 273 } 274 } 275}', 276 );?> 277 </div> 278 </div> 279 <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div> 280 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 281 <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div> 282 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 283 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 284 '$country = $session?->user?->getAddress()?->country;', 285 );?> 286 </div> 287 </div> 288 </div> 289 <div class="php8-compare__content"> 290 <p>Instead of null check conditions, you can now use a chain of calls with the new nullsafe operator. When the 291 evaluation of one element in the chain fails, the execution of the entire chain aborts and the entire chain 292 evaluates to null.</p> 293 </div> 294 </div> 295 296 <div class="php8-compare"> 297 <h2 class="php8-h2" id="saner-string-to-number-comparisons"> 298 Saner string to number comparisons 299 <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/string_to_number_comparison">RFC</a> 300 </h2> 301 <div class="php8-compare__main"> 302 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 303 <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div> 304 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 305 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 306 '0 == \'foobar\' // true', 307 );?> 308 </div> 309 </div> 310 <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div> 311 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 312 <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div> 313 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 314 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 315 '0 == \'foobar\' // false', 316 );?> 317 </div> 318 </div> 319 </div> 320 <div class="php8-compare__content"> 321 <p>When comparing to a numeric string, PHP 8 uses a number comparison. Otherwise, it converts the number to a 322 string and uses a string comparison.</p> 323 </div> 324 </div> 325 326 <div class="php8-compare"> 327 <h2 class="php8-h2" id="consistent-type-errors-for-internal-functions"> 328 Consistent type errors for internal functions 329 <a class="php8-rfc" href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/consistent_type_errors">RFC</a> 330 </h2> 331 <div class="php8-compare__main"> 332 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 333 <div class="php8-compare__label">PHP 7</div> 334 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 335 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 336 'strlen([]); // Warning: strlen() expects parameter 1 to be string, array given 337 338array_chunk([], -1); // Warning: array_chunk(): Size parameter expected to be greater than 0', 339 );?> 340 </div> 341 </div> 342 <div class="php8-compare__arrow"></div> 343 <div class="php8-compare__block example-contents"> 344 <div class="php8-compare__label php8-compare__label_new">PHP 8</div> 345 <div class="php8-code phpcode"> 346 <?php highlight_php_trimmed( 347 'strlen([]); // TypeError: strlen(): Argument #1 ($str) must be of type string, array given 348 349array_chunk([], -1); // ValueError: array_chunk(): Argument #2 ($length) must be greater than 0', 350 );?> 351 </div> 352 </div> 353 </div> 354 <div class="php8-compare__content"> 355 <p>Most of the internal functions now throw an Error exception if the validation of the parameters fails.</p> 356 </div> 357 </div> 358</section> 359 360<section class="php8-section php8-section_light"> 361 <h2 class="php8-h2">Just-In-Time compilation</h2> 362 <p> 363 PHP 8 introduces two JIT compilation engines. Tracing JIT, the most promising of the two, shows about 3 times better 364 performance on synthetic benchmarks and 1.5–2 times improvement on some specific long-running applications. Typical 365 application performance is on par with PHP 7.4. 366 </p> 367 <h3 class="php8-h3"> 368 Relative JIT contribution to PHP 8 performance 369 </h3> 370 <p> 371 <img src="/images/php8/scheme.svg" width="900" alt="Just-In-Time compilation"> 372 </p> 373 374 <div class="php8-columns"> 375 <div class="php8-column"> 376 <h2 class="php8-h2 php8-h2_margin-top">Type system and error handling improvements</h2> 377 <ul> 378 <li> 379 Stricter type checks for arithmetic/bitwise operators 380 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/arithmetic_operator_type_checks">RFC</a> 381 </li> 382 <li> 383 Abstract trait method validation <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/abstract_trait_method_validation">RFC</a> 384 </li> 385 <li> 386 Correct signatures of magic methods <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/magic-methods-signature">RFC</a> 387 </li> 388 <li> 389 Reclassified engine warnings <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/engine_warnings">RFC</a> 390 </li> 391 <li> 392 Fatal error for incompatible method signatures <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/lsp_errors">RFC</a> 393 </li> 394 <li> 395 The @ operator no longer silences fatal errors. 396 </li> 397 <li> 398 Inheritance with private methods <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/inheritance_private_methods">RFC</a> 399 </li> 400 <li> 401 Mixed type <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/mixed_type_v2">RFC</a> 402 </li> 403 <li> 404 Static return type <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/static_return_type">RFC</a> 405 </li> 406 <li> 407 Types for internal functions 408 <a href="https://externals.io/message/106522">Email thread</a> 409 </li> 410 <li> 411 Opaque objects instead of resources for 412 <a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/resource-CurlHandle">Curl</a>, 413 <a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/gdimage">Gd</a>, 414 <a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/sockets-sockets-addressinfo">Sockets</a>, 415 <a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/OpenSSL-resource">OpenSSL</a>, 416 <a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/xmlwriter-resource">XMLWriter</a>, and 417 <a href="https://php.watch/versions/8.0/xmlwriter-resource">XML</a> 418 extensions 419 </li> 420 </ul> 421 </div> 422 <div class="php8-column"> 423 <h2 class="php8-h2 php8-h2_margin-top">Other syntax tweaks and improvements</h2> 424 <ul> 425 <li> 426 Allow a trailing comma in parameter lists <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/trailing_comma_in_parameter_list">RFC</a> 427 and closure use lists <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/trailing_comma_in_closure_use_list">RFC</a> 428 </li> 429 <li> 430 Non-capturing catches <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/non-capturing_catches">RFC</a> 431 </li> 432 <li> 433 Variable Syntax Tweaks <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/variable_syntax_tweaks">RFC</a> 434 </li> 435 <li> 436 Treat namespaced names as single token <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/namespaced_names_as_token">RFC</a> 437 </li> 438 <li> 439 Throw is now an expression <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/throw_expression">RFC</a> 440 </li> 441 <li> 442 Allow ::class on objects <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/class_name_literal_on_object">RFC</a> 443 </li> 444 </ul> 445 446 <h2 class="php8-h2 php8-h2_margin-top">New Classes, Interfaces, and Functions</h2> 447 <ul> 448 <li> 449 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/weak_maps">Weak Map</a> class 450 </li> 451 <li> 452 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/stringable">Stringable</a> interface 453 </li> 454 <li> 455 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/str_contains">str_contains()</a>, 456 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/add_str_starts_with_and_ends_with_functions">str_starts_with()</a>, 457 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/add_str_starts_with_and_ends_with_functions">str_ends_with()</a> 458 </li> 459 <li> 460 <a href="https://github.com/php/php-src/pull/4769">fdiv()</a> 461 </li> 462 <li> 463 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/get_debug_type">get_debug_type()</a> 464 </li> 465 <li> 466 <a href="https://github.com/php/php-src/pull/5427">get_resource_id()</a> 467 </li> 468 <li> 469 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/token_as_object">token_get_all()</a> object implementation 470 </li> 471 <li> 472 <a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/dom_living_standard_api">New DOM Traversal and Manipulation APIs</a> 473 </li> 474 </ul> 475 </div> 476 </div> 477</section> 478 479<section class="php8-section php8-section_dark php8-section_footer php8-footer"> 480 <div class="php8-section__content"> 481 <h2 class="php8-h2 center"> 482 Better performance, better syntax, improved type safety. 483 </h2> 484 <div class="php8-button-wrapper center"> 485 <a class="php8-button php8-button_light" href="/downloads">Upgrade to PHP 8 now!</a> 486 </div> 487 <div class="php8-footer__content"> 488 <p> 489 For source downloads of PHP 8 please visit the <a href="http://www.php.net/downloads">downloads</a> page. 490 Windows binaries can be found on the <a href="http://windows.php.net/download">PHP for Windows</a> site. 491 The list of changes is recorded in the <a href="http://www.php.net/ChangeLog-8.php">ChangeLog</a>. 492 </p> 493 <p> 494 The <a href="/manual/en/migration80.php">migration guide</a> is available in the PHP Manual. Please 495 consult it for a detailed list of new features and backward-incompatible changes. 496 </p> 497 </div> 498 </div> 499</section> 500 501 502 503 504<?php site_footer(); 505
