BCMATH FAQ: 

1) Why BCMATH?

The math routines of GNU bc become more generally useful in a
library form.  By separating the BCMATH library from GNU bc,
GNU bc can be under the GPL and BCMATH can be under the LGPL.

2) Why BCMATH when GMP exists?

GMP has "integers" (no digits after a decimal), "rational numbers"
(stored as 2 integers) and "floats".  None of these will correctly
represent a POSIX BC number.  Floats are the closest, but will not
behave correctly for many computations.  For example, BC numbers have
a "scale" that represent the number of digits to represent after the
decimal point.  The multiplying two of these numbers requires one to
calculate an exact number of digits after the decimal point regardless
of the number of digits in the integer part.  GMP floats have a
"fixed, but arbitrary" mantissa and so multiplying two floats will end
up dropping digits BC must calculate.