reflection: Fix the return value of ReflectionFunction::{getNamespaceName,inNamespace}() for closures (#16129)

* reflection: Fix the return value of ReflectionFunction::{getNamespaceName,inN

reflection: Fix the return value of ReflectionFunction::{getNamespaceName,inNamespace}() for closures (#16129)

* reflection: Fix the return value of ReflectionFunction::{getNamespaceName,inNamespace}() for closures

Fixes GH-16122

* reflection: Clean up implementation of `ReflectionFunctionAbstract::inNamespace()`

* reflection: Clean up implementation of `ReflectionFunctionAbstract::getNamespaceName()`

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ext/pgsql: adding pg_close_stmt.

up to postgresql 17, when done with a prepared statement, we could
release it with DEALLOCATE sql command which is fine ; until we want
to implement

ext/pgsql: adding pg_close_stmt.

up to postgresql 17, when done with a prepared statement, we could
release it with DEALLOCATE sql command which is fine ; until we want
to implement a cache solution based on statement ids.

Since PostgreSQL 17, PQclosePrepared uses internally the `close` protocol
allowing to reuse the statement name while still freeing it.
Since the close protocol implementation had been added on libpq within
this release, no way to reimplement it.

close GH-14584

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Fix / implement GH-15287: add a lazy fetch to Pdo\PgSql

Make Pdo\PgSql accept Pdo::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_PREFETCH, 0) to enter libpq's single row mode.
This avoids storing the whole res

Fix / implement GH-15287: add a lazy fetch to Pdo\PgSql

Make Pdo\PgSql accept Pdo::setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_PREFETCH, 0) to enter libpq's single row mode.
This avoids storing the whole result set in memory before being able to call the first fetch().

close GH-15750

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ext/ldap: Fix GH-16101 (Segfaults in php_ldap_do_search() when LDAPs is not a list)

Closes GH-16102

Fix stub for openssl_csr_new

ext/random: haiku supports arc4random api too.

close GH-16095

ext/pdo_pgsql: Expanding COPY input from an array to an iterable

close GH-15893

Fix printing backtrace of fake generator frame

Fixes GH-15851
Closes GH-15952

Fix failed assertion when promoting Serialize deprecation to exception

Fixes GH-15907
Closes GH-15951

PHP-8.1 is now for PHP 8.1.31-dev

[skip ci] Fix typo in NEWS

Co-authored-by: Niels Dossche <7771979+nielsdos@users.noreply.github.com>

Update NEWS with security fixes info

Fix GH-15905: Assertion failure for TRACK_VARS_SERVER

When the superglobals are eagerly initialized, but "S" is not contained
in `variables_order`, `TRACK_VARS_SERVER` is created as empt

Fix GH-15905: Assertion failure for TRACK_VARS_SERVER

When the superglobals are eagerly initialized, but "S" is not contained
in `variables_order`, `TRACK_VARS_SERVER` is created as empty array
with refcount > 1. Since this hash table may later be modified, a flag
is set which allows such COW violations for assertions. However, when
`register_argc_argv` is on, the so far uninitialized hash table is
updated with `argv`, what causes the hash table to be initialized, what
drops the allow-COW-violations flag. The following update with `argc`
then triggers a refcount violation assertion.

Since we consider `HT_ALLOW_COW_VIOLATION` a hack, we do not want to
keep the flag during hash table initialization, so we initialize the
hash table right away after creation for this code path.

Closes GH-15930.

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ext/ldap: Fix GH-16032 (Various NULL pointer dereferencements in ldap_modify_batch())

We check that the "attrib" and "modtype" keys are present in each array.
If not we throw a ValueErro

ext/ldap: Fix GH-16032 (Various NULL pointer dereferencements in ldap_modify_batch())

We check that the "attrib" and "modtype" keys are present in each array.
If not we throw a ValueError, in line with what other validation failure cases do.

Closes GH-16057

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Fix use-after-free of object released in hook

Fixes GH-16040
Closes GH-16058

Fix GH-16054: Segmentation fault when resizing hash table iterator list while adding

zend_array_dup_ht_iterators() loops over the hash table iterators and
can call zend_hash_iterator_add

Fix GH-16054: Segmentation fault when resizing hash table iterator list while adding

zend_array_dup_ht_iterators() loops over the hash table iterators and
can call zend_hash_iterator_add(). zend_hash_iterator_add() can resize
the array causing a crash in zend_array_dup_ht_iterators().

We solve this by refetching the iter pointer after an add happened.

Closes GH-16060.

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Fix GH-16039: Segmentation fault (access null pointer) in ext/dom/parentnode/tree.c

dom_object_get_node() can fail if we don't have a user object
associated.

Closes GH-16056.

Fix GH-16009: Segmentation fault with frameless functions and undefined CVs

The frameless function handlers do not update the op variables when
handling the result is undefined. In this

Fix GH-16009: Segmentation fault with frameless functions and undefined CVs

The frameless function handlers do not update the op variables when
handling the result is undefined. In this case this causes propagating
an UNDEF value into a temporary, which results in an extra undefined
variable warning for a temporary in this case.

The original issue also reports a crash in some cases, which is also
fixed by this patch.

Closes GH-16012.

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Prepare for PHP 8.4

Fix GH-15968: Avoid converting objects to strings in operator calculations. (#16021)

Add API to exempt function from being traced in JIT (#15559)

Internally accessible via zend_jit_blacklist_function / externally via opcache_jit_blacklist.
The functionality currently onl

Add API to exempt function from being traced in JIT (#15559)

Internally accessible via zend_jit_blacklist_function / externally via opcache_jit_blacklist.
The functionality currently only affects tracing JIT, but may be extended to other JIT modes in future.

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GH-12940 ext/pdo_pgsql: using PQclosePrepared to free statement resources.

PQclosePrepared allows the statement's name to be reused thus allowing
cache solutions to work properly ; where

GH-12940 ext/pdo_pgsql: using PQclosePrepared to free statement resources.

PQclosePrepared allows the statement's name to be reused thus allowing
cache solutions to work properly ; whereas, for now, the `DEALLOCATE
<statement>` query is used which free entirely the statement's resources.

close GH-13316

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Fix GH-15980: Signed integer overflow in main/streams/streams.c

We need to avoid signed integer overflows which are undefined behavior.
We catch that, and set `offset` to `ZEND_LONG_MAX`

Fix GH-15980: Signed integer overflow in main/streams/streams.c

We need to avoid signed integer overflows which are undefined behavior.
We catch that, and set `offset` to `ZEND_LONG_MAX` (which is also the
largest value of `zend_off_t` on all platforms). Of course, that seek
may fail, but even if it succeeds, the stream is no longer readable,
but that matches the current behavior for offsets near `ZEND_LONG_MAX`.

Closes GH-15989.

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ext/curl: Add `CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION` option (GH-15674)

This adds support for `CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION`[^1] Curl option to set a
custom callback that gets called with debug information dur

ext/curl: Add `CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION` option (GH-15674)

This adds support for `CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION`[^1] Curl option to set a
custom callback that gets called with debug information during the
lifetime of a Curl request.

The callback gets called with the `CurlHandle` object, an integer
containing the type of the debug message, and a string containing the
debug message. The callback may get called multiple times with the
same message type during a request.

PHP already uses `CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION` functionality to internally
to expose a Curl option named `CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT`.

However,`CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT` is not a "real" Curl option supported
by libcurl. Back in 2006, `CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT` was added[^2] as
a Curl option by using the debug-callback feature. Git history does
not run that back to show why `CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT` was added as a
Curl option, and why the other debug types (such as
`CURLINFO_HEADER_IN` were not added as Curl options, but this seems
to be a historical artifact when we added features without trying
to be close to libcurl options.

This approach has a few issues:

1. `CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT` is not an actual Curl option supported by
upstream libcurl.

2. All of the Curl options have `CURLOPT_` prefix, and `CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT`
is the only Curl "option" that uses the `CURLINFO` prefix. This exception
is, however, noted[^3] in docs.

3. When `CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT` is set, the `CURLOPT_VERBOSE` is also implicitly
set. This was reported[^4] to bugs.php.net, but the bug is marked as wontfix.

This commit adds support for `CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION`. It extends the existing
`curl_debug` callback to store the header-in information if it encounters
a debug message with `CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT`. In all cases, if a callable
is set, it gets called.

`CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION` intends to replace `CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT` Curl
option as a versatile alternative that can also be used to extract
other debug information such as SSL data, text information messages,
incoming headers, as well as headers sent out (which `CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT`
makes available).

The callables are allowed to throw exceptions, but the return values are
ignored.

`CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION` requires `CURLOPT_VERBOSE` enabled, and setting
`CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION` does _not_ implicitly enable `CURLOPT_VERBOSE`.

If the `CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION` option is set, setting `CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT`
throws a `ValueError` exception. Setting `CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION` _after_
enabling `CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT` is allowed. Technically, it is possible
for both functionality (calling user-provided callback _and_ storing
header-out data) is possible, setting `CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT` is not
allowed to encourage the use of `CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION` function.

This commit also adds the rest of the `CURLINFO_` constants used as
the `type` integer value in `CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION` callback.

---

[^1]: [cur.se - CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION](https://curl.se/libcurl/c/CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION.html)
[^2]: [`5f25d80`](https://github.com/php/php-src/commit/5f25d80d106004692dacb9c01cdc49c7c883a13a)
[^3]: [curl_setopt doc mentioning `CURLINFO_` prefix is intentional](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.curl-setopt.php#:~:text=prefix%20is%20intentional)
[^4]: [bugs.php.net - `CURLOPT_VERBOSE` does not work with `CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT`](https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=65348)

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Revert "Fix GH-15980: Signed integer overflow in main/streams/streams.c"

This reverts commit 6a04c79e41bcdb8f8a62270b7d25f82698b9c5f0, since the
new test case apparently fails on 64bit L

Revert "Fix GH-15980: Signed integer overflow in main/streams/streams.c"

This reverts commit 6a04c79e41bcdb8f8a62270b7d25f82698b9c5f0, since the
new test case apparently fails on 64bit Linux, so this needs closer
investigation.

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