tool_operate: split up the huge single_transfer into sub functions

- split up in a few smaller and easier to read functions
- simplify several sections
- avoid superfluous extra allo

tool_operate: split up the huge single_transfer into sub functions

- split up in a few smaller and easier to read functions
- simplify several sections
- avoid superfluous extra allocations
- remove unused debug code

Closes #15385

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lib/src: white space edits to comply better with code style

... as checksrc now finds and complains about these.

Closes #14921

src: fix potential macro confusion in cmake unity builds

Sources used `lib/curlx.h` with both `ENABLE_CURLX_PRINTF` set and unset
before including it.

In a cmake "unity" batch w

src: fix potential macro confusion in cmake unity builds

Sources used `lib/curlx.h` with both `ENABLE_CURLX_PRINTF` set and unset
before including it.

In a cmake "unity" batch where the first included source had it unset,
the next sources did not get the macros requested with
`ENABLE_CURLX_PRINTF` because `lib/curl.x` had already been included
without them.

Fix it by by making the macros enabled permanently and globally for
internal sources, and dropping `ENABLE_CURLX_PRINTF`.

This came up while testing unity builds with smaller batches. The full,
default unity build where all `src` is bundled up in a single unit, was
not affected.

Fixes:
```
$ cmake -B build -DCMAKE_UNITY_BUILD=ON -DCMAKE_UNITY_BUILD_BATCH_SIZE=15
$ make -C build
...
curl/src/tool_getparam.c: In function ‘getparameter’:
curl/src/tool_getparam.c:2409:11: error: implicit declaration of function ‘msnprintf’; did you mean ‘vsnprintf’? [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
2409 | msnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T "-",
| ^~~~~~~~~
| vsnprintf
curl/src/tool_getparam.c:2409:11: warning: nested extern declaration of ‘msnprintf’ [-Wnested-externs]
[...]
```

Reported-by: Daniel Stenberg
Bug: https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/14626#issuecomment-2301663491

Closes #14632

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code: language cleanup in comments

Based on the standards and guidelines we use for our documentation.

- expand contractions (they're => they are etc)
- host name = > hostname

code: language cleanup in comments

Based on the standards and guidelines we use for our documentation.

- expand contractions (they're => they are etc)
- host name = > hostname
- file name => filename
- user name = username
- man page => manpage
- run-time => runtime
- set-up => setup
- back-end => backend
- a HTTP => an HTTP
- Two spaces after a period => one space after period

Closes #14073

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build: enable missing OpenSSF-recommended warnings, with fixes

https://best.openssf.org/Compiler-Hardening-Guides/Compiler-Options-Hardening-Guide-for-C-and-C++.html
as of 2023-11-29 [1]

build: enable missing OpenSSF-recommended warnings, with fixes

https://best.openssf.org/Compiler-Hardening-Guides/Compiler-Options-Hardening-Guide-for-C-and-C++.html
as of 2023-11-29 [1].

Enable new recommended warnings (except `-Wsign-conversion`):

- enable `-Wformat=2` for clang (in both cmake and autotools).
- add `CURL_PRINTF()` internal attribute and mark functions accepting
printf arguments with it. This is a copy of existing
`CURL_TEMP_PRINTF()` but using `__printf__` to make it compatible
with redefinting the `printf` symbol:
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.0.4/gcc_5.html#SEC94
- fix `CURL_PRINTF()` and existing `CURL_TEMP_PRINTF()` for
mingw-w64 and enable it on this platform.
- enable `-Wimplicit-fallthrough`.
- enable `-Wtrampolines`.
- add `-Wsign-conversion` commented with a FIXME.
- cmake: enable `-pedantic-errors` the way we do it with autotools.
Follow-up to d5c0351055d5709da8f3e16c91348092fdb481aa #2747
- lib/curl_trc.h: use `CURL_FORMAT()`, this also fixes it to enable format
checks. Previously it was always disabled due to the internal `printf`
macro.

Fix them:

- fix bug where an `set_ipv6_v6only()` call was missed in builds with
`--disable-verbose` / `CURL_DISABLE_VERBOSE_STRINGS=ON`.
- add internal `FALLTHROUGH()` macro.
- replace obsolete fall-through comments with `FALLTHROUGH()`.
- fix fallthrough markups: Delete redundant ones (showing up as
warnings in most cases). Add missing ones. Fix indentation.
- silence `-Wformat-nonliteral` warnings with llvm/clang.
- fix one `-Wformat-nonliteral` warning.
- fix new `-Wformat` and `-Wformat-security` warnings.
- fix `CURL_FORMAT_SOCKET_T` value for mingw-w64. Also move its
definition to `lib/curl_setup.h` allowing use in `tests/server`.
- lib: fix two wrongly passed string arguments in log outputs.
Co-authored-by: Jay Satiro
- fix new `-Wformat` warnings on mingw-w64.

[1] https://github.com/ossf/wg-best-practices-os-developers/blob/56c0fde3895bfc55c8a973ef49a2572c507b2ae1/docs/Compiler-Hardening-Guides/Compiler-Options-Hardening-Guide-for-C-and-C%2B%2B.md

Closes #12489

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windows: use built-in `_WIN32` macro to detect Windows

Windows compilers define `_WIN32` automatically. Windows SDK headers
or build env defines `WIN32`, or we have to take care of it. T

windows: use built-in `_WIN32` macro to detect Windows

Windows compilers define `_WIN32` automatically. Windows SDK headers
or build env defines `WIN32`, or we have to take care of it. The
agreement seems to be that `_WIN32` is the preferred practice here.
Make the source code rely on that to detect we're building for Windows.

Public `curl.h` was using `WIN32`, `__WIN32__` and `CURL_WIN32` for
Windows detection, next to the official `_WIN32`. After this patch it
only uses `_WIN32` for this. Also, make it stop defining `CURL_WIN32`.

There is a slight chance these break compatibility with Windows
compilers that fail to define `_WIN32`. I'm not aware of any obsolete
or modern compiler affected, but in case there is one, one possible
solution is to define this macro manually.

grepping for `WIN32` remains useful to discover Windows-specific code.

Also:

- extend `checksrc` to ensure we're not using `WIN32` anymore.

- apply minor formatting here and there.

- delete unnecessary checks for `!MSDOS` when `_WIN32` is present.

Co-authored-by: Jay Satiro
Reviewed-by: Daniel Stenberg

Closes #12376

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tool_urlglob: fix build for old gcc versions

- Don't use __builtin_mul_overflow for GCC 4 and earlier.

The function was added in GCC 5.

Ref: https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-5/chang

tool_urlglob: fix build for old gcc versions

- Don't use __builtin_mul_overflow for GCC 4 and earlier.

The function was added in GCC 5.

Ref: https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-5/changes.html

Reported-by: Dan Fandrich

Fixes https://github.com/curl/curl/issues/12124
Closes https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/12128

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tool_urlglob: make multiply() bail out on negative values

- Does not work correctly with negative values
- use __builtin_mul_overflow() on gcc

Reported-by: Torben Dury
Close

tool_urlglob: make multiply() bail out on negative values

- Does not work correctly with negative values
- use __builtin_mul_overflow() on gcc

Reported-by: Torben Dury
Closes #12102

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tool: use our own stderr variable

Earlier this year we changed our own stderr variable to use the standard
name `stderr` (to avoid bugs where someone is using `stderr` instead of
the

tool: use our own stderr variable

Earlier this year we changed our own stderr variable to use the standard
name `stderr` (to avoid bugs where someone is using `stderr` instead of
the curl-tool specific variable). This solution needed to override the
standard `stderr` symbol via the preprocessor. This in turn didn't play
well with unity builds and caused curl tool to crash or stay silent due
to an uninitialized stderr. This was a hard to find issue, fixed by
manually breaking out one file from the unity sources.

To avoid two these two tricks, this patch implements a different
solution: Restore using our own local variable for our stderr output and
leave `stderr` as-is. To avoid using `stderr` by mistake, add a
`checksrc` rule (based on logic we already used in lib for `strerror`)
that detects any `stderr` use in `src` and points to using our own
variable instead: `tool_stderr`.

Follow-up to 06133d3e9b8aeb9e9ca0b3370c246bdfbfc8619e
Follow-up to 2f17a9b654121dd1ecf4fc043c6d08a9da3522db

Closes #11958

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tool_urlglob: use the correct format specifier for curl_off_t in msnprintf

Closes #11698

tool_urlglob: use curl_off_t instead of longs

To handle more globs better (especially on Windows)

Closes #11224

checksrc: disallow spaces before labels

Out of 415 labels throughout the code base, 86 of those labels were
not at the start of the line. Which means labels always at the start of
th

checksrc: disallow spaces before labels

Out of 415 labels throughout the code base, 86 of those labels were
not at the start of the line. Which means labels always at the start of
the line is the favoured style overall with 329 instances.

Out of the 86 labels not at the start of the line:
* 75 were indented with the same indentation level of the following line
* 8 were indented with exactly one space
* 2 were indented with one fewer indentation level then the following
line
* 1 was indented with the indentation level of the following line minus
three space (probably unintentional)

Co-Authored-By: Viktor Szakats

Closes #11134

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checksrc: fix SPACEBEFOREPAREN for conditions starting with "*"

The open paren check wants to warn for spaces before open parenthesis
for if/while/for but also for any function call. In

checksrc: fix SPACEBEFOREPAREN for conditions starting with "*"

The open paren check wants to warn for spaces before open parenthesis
for if/while/for but also for any function call. In order to avoid
catching function pointer declarations, the logic allows a space if the
first character after the open parenthesis is an asterisk.

I also spotted what we did not include "switch" in the check but we should.

This check is a little lame, but we reduce this problem by not allowing
that space for if/while/for/switch.

Reported-by: Emanuele Torre
Closes #11044

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copyright: update all copyright lines and remove year ranges

- they are mostly pointless in all major jurisdictions
- many big corporations and projects already don't use them
- save

copyright: update all copyright lines and remove year ranges

- they are mostly pointless in all major jurisdictions
- many big corporations and projects already don't use them
- saves us from pointless churn
- git keeps history for us
- the year range is kept in COPYING

checksrc is updated to allow non-year using copyright statements

Closes #10205

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misc: typo and grammar fixes

- Replace `Github` with `GitHub`.
- Replace `windows` with `Windows`
- Replace `advice` with `advise` where a verb is used.
- A few fixes on removing

misc: typo and grammar fixes

- Replace `Github` with `GitHub`.
- Replace `windows` with `Windows`
- Replace `advice` with `advise` where a verb is used.
- A few fixes on removing repeated words.
- Replace `a HTTP` with `an HTTP`

Closes #9802

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copyright: make repository REUSE compliant

Add licensing and copyright information for all files in this repository. This
either happens in the file itself as a comment header or in the

copyright: make repository REUSE compliant

Add licensing and copyright information for all files in this repository. This
either happens in the file itself as a comment header or in the file
`.reuse/dep5`.

This commit also adds a Github workflow to check pull requests and adapts
copyright.pl to the changes.

Closes #8869

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curl: fix segmentation fault for empty output file names.

Function glob_match_url set *result to NULL when called with filename =
"", producing an indirect NULL pointer dereference.

curl: fix segmentation fault for empty output file names.

Function glob_match_url set *result to NULL when called with filename =
"", producing an indirect NULL pointer dereference.

Closes #8606

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glob: pass an 'int' as len when using printf's %*s

Detected by Coverity CID 1486629.

Closes #7324

curl.se: new home

Closes #6172

tool_urlglob: fix compiler warning "unreachable code"

(On Windows builds.)

Follow-up to 70a3b003d9

curl: make glob_match_url use dynbuf

Closes #5952

urlglob: treat literal IPv6 addresses with zone IDs as a host name

... and not as a "glob". Now done by passing the supposed host to the
URL parser which supposedly will do a better job

urlglob: treat literal IPv6 addresses with zone IDs as a host name

... and not as a "glob". Now done by passing the supposed host to the
URL parser which supposedly will do a better job at identifying "real"
numerical IPv6 addresses.

Reported-by: puckipedia on github
Fixes #5576
Closes #5579

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source cleanup: remove all custom typedef structs

- Stick to a single unified way to use structs
- Make checksrc complain on 'typedef struct {'
- Allow them in tests, public heade

source cleanup: remove all custom typedef structs

- Stick to a single unified way to use structs
- Make checksrc complain on 'typedef struct {'
- Allow them in tests, public headers and examples

- Let MD4_CTX, MD5_CTX, and SHA256_CTX typedefs remain as they actually
typedef different types/structs depending on build conditions.

Closes #5338

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curl: make #0 not output the full URL

It was not intended nor documented!

Added test 1176 to verify.

Reported-by: vshmuk on hackerone

Closes #4812

curl: create easy handles on-demand and not ahead of time

This should again enable crazy-large download ranges of the style
[1-10000000] that otherwise easily ran out of memory starting

curl: create easy handles on-demand and not ahead of time

This should again enable crazy-large download ranges of the style
[1-10000000] that otherwise easily ran out of memory starting in 7.66.0
when this new handle allocating scheme was introduced.

Reported-by: Peter Sumatra
Fixes #4393
Closes #4438

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