Remove ZEND_ACC_INHERITED flag

It is equivalent to checking ce->parent != NULL. Just adds more
state that needs to be kept in sync.

Export zend_type_to_string() with ZEND_API

Implement union types

According to RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/union_types_v2

The type representation now makes use of both the pointer payload
and the type mask at the same t

Implement union types

According to RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/union_types_v2

The type representation now makes use of both the pointer payload
and the type mask at the same time. Additionall, zend_type_list is
introduced as a new kind of pointer payload, which is used to store
multiple class types. Each of the class types is a tagged pointer,
which may be either a class name or class entry. The latter is only
used for typed properties, while arguments/returns will instead use
cache slots. A type list can contain a mix of both names and CEs at
the same time, as not all classes may be resolvable.

One thing this is missing is support for union types in arginfo
and stubs, which I want to handle separately.

I've also dropped the special object code from the JIT implementation
for now -- I plan to add this back in a different form at a later time.
For now I did not want to include non-trivial JIT changes together
with large functional changes.

Another possible piece of follow-up work is to implement "iterable"
as an internal alias for "array|Traversable". I believe this will
eliminate quite a few special-cases that had to be implemented.

Closes GH-4838.

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Make zend_type a 2-field struct

We now store the pointer payload and the type mask separately. This
is in preparation for union types, where we will be using both at
the same time.

Make zend_type a 2-field struct

We now store the pointer payload and the type mask separately. This
is in preparation for union types, where we will be using both at
the same time.

To avoid increasing the size of arginfo structures, the
pass_by_reference and is_variadic fields are now stored as part of
the type_mask (8-bit are reserved for custom use).

Different types of pointer payloads are distinguished based on bits
in the type_mask.

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Fix miscellaneous typos in docs and error messages

Closes GH-4863.

Merge branch 'PHP-7.4'

* PHP-7.4:
Allow loading FFI bindings through ffi.preload directive

Allow loading FFI bindings through ffi.preload directive

SAMRT BRANCH improvement.

Avoid need of insertion NOP opcoes between unrelated SMART BRANCH instruction and following JMPZ/JMPNZ.
Now instead of checking the opcode of following instruct

SAMRT BRANCH improvement.

Avoid need of insertion NOP opcoes between unrelated SMART BRANCH instruction and following JMPZ/JMPNZ.
Now instead of checking the opcode of following instruction, the same information is encoded into SMART BRANH result_type.

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Added "const" qualifier

Throw Error when writing property of non-object

This removes object auto-vivification support.

This also means that we can remove the corresponding special
handling for typed pr

Throw Error when writing property of non-object

This removes object auto-vivification support.

This also means that we can remove the corresponding special
handling for typed properites: We no longer need to check that a
property is convertible to stdClass if such a conversion might
take place indirectly due to a nested property write.

Additionally OBJ_W style operations now no longer modify the
object operand, and as such we no longer need to treat op1 as a
def in SSA form.

The next step would be to actually compile the whole LHS of OBJ_W
operations in R rather than W mode, but that causes issues with
SimpleXML, whose object handlers depend on the current compilation
structure.

Part of https://wiki.php.net/rfc/engine_warnings.

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Change representation of zend_type from type code to MAY_BE_* mask

This switches zend_type from storing a single IS_* type code to
storing a MAY_BE_* type mask. Right now most code still

Change representation of zend_type from type code to MAY_BE_* mask

This switches zend_type from storing a single IS_* type code to
storing a MAY_BE_* type mask. Right now most code still assumes
that there is only a single type in the mask (or two together
with MAY_BE_NULL). But this will make it a lot simpler to introduce
union types.

An additional advantage (and why I'm doing this separately), is
that a number of special cases no longer need to be handled
separately: We can do a single mask & (1 << type) check to handle
all simple types, booleans (true|false) and null.

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Merge branch 'PHP-7.4'

Define OBJ_PROP_TO_OFFSET() using XtOffsetOf()

This avoids null pointer arithmetic UB.

Merge branch 'PHP-7.4'

Allow throwing exception while loading parent class

This is a fix for symfony/symfony#32995.

The behavior is:

* Throwing exception when loading parent/interface is allowed

Allow throwing exception while loading parent class

This is a fix for symfony/symfony#32995.

The behavior is:

* Throwing exception when loading parent/interface is allowed
(and we will also throw one if the class is simply not found).
* If this happens, the bucket key for the class is reset, so
it's possibly to try registering the same class again.
* However, if the class has already been used due to a variance
obligation, the exception is upgraded to a fatal error, as we
cannot safely unregister the class stub anymore.

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Merge branch 'PHP-7.4'

Only allow "nearly linked" classes for parent/interface

The requirements for parent/interface are difference than for the
variance checks in type declarations. The latter can work on ful

Only allow "nearly linked" classes for parent/interface

The requirements for parent/interface are difference than for the
variance checks in type declarations. The latter can work on fully
unlinked classes, but the former need inheritance to be essentially
finished, only variance checks may still be outstanding.

Adding a new flag for this because we have lots of space, but we
could also represent these "inheritance states" more compactly in
the future.

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Mention that arg_info[-1] holds the return info

I lost some time trying to know how to find the returned type.
It's not that obvious it is stored in the _argument_ information array.

Mention that arg_info[-1] holds the return info

I lost some time trying to know how to find the returned type.
It's not that obvious it is stored in the _argument_ information array.

For the sake of Internet, here is the full code checking that a function _has_ a returned type:

```c
zend_function *function = /* e.g. fci_cache->function_handler */;

if (!(function->op_array.fn_flags & ZEND_ACC_HAS_RETURN_TYPE)) {
php_printf("no return type\n");
} else {
php_printf("has a return type\n");
php_printf("return type = %s\n", zend_get_type_by_const(ZEND_TYPE_CODE(function->common.arg_info[-1].type)));
}
```

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Merge branch 'PHP-7.4'

* PHP-7.4:
Free two bits in fn_flags by merging ZEND_ACC_HEAP_RT_CACHE/ZEND_ACC_USER_ARG_INFO and ZEND_ACC_DONE_PASS_TWO/ZEND_ACC_ARENA_ALLOCATED that may be use

Merge branch 'PHP-7.4'

* PHP-7.4:
Free two bits in fn_flags by merging ZEND_ACC_HEAP_RT_CACHE/ZEND_ACC_USER_ARG_INFO and ZEND_ACC_DONE_PASS_TWO/ZEND_ACC_ARENA_ALLOCATED that may be used only for user/internal functions

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Free two bits in fn_flags by merging ZEND_ACC_HEAP_RT_CACHE/ZEND_ACC_USER_ARG_INFO and ZEND_ACC_DONE_PASS_TWO/ZEND_ACC_ARENA_ALLOCATED that may be used only for user/internal functions

Merge branch 'PHP-7.4'

* PHP-7.4:
Fixed information about unused flags

Fixed information about unused flags

Merge branch 'PHP-7.4'

Relax closure $this unbinding deprecation

Only deprecate unbinding of $this from a closure if $this is
syntactically used within the closure.

This is desired to support Laravel'

Relax closure $this unbinding deprecation

Only deprecate unbinding of $this from a closure if $this is
syntactically used within the closure.

This is desired to support Laravel's macro system, see laravel/framework#29482.

This should still allow us to implement the performance improvements
we're interested in for PHP 8, without breaking existing use-cases.

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Merge branch 'PHP-7.4'

* PHP-7.4:
Use run-time cache to avoid repeatable hash lookups in ZEND_DECLARE_CLASS_DELAYED