API support for scrollable cursors

add theoretical support for returning ints as ints and bools as bools.
individual drivers need to support returning data in these formats.

implement SQLSTATE style error codes.
Allow drivers to add methods to dbh and stmt objects
(note that we can't use a class, because the use only sees the PDO class).
Clarify the api sligh

implement SQLSTATE style error codes.
Allow drivers to add methods to dbh and stmt objects
(note that we can't use a class, because the use only sees the PDO class).
Clarify the api slightly:
PDO::exec() is used for one-shot queries that don't return rows
PDO::query() is a convenience function for returning a rowset without
having to go through the steps of preparing and executing.

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Synopsis:

PDOStatement::setFetchMode()
reset default fetch() mode for a statement to PDO_FETCH_BOTH

PDOStatement::setFetchMode(PDO_FETCH_NUM)
PDOStatement::setFetchM

Synopsis:

PDOStatement::setFetchMode()
reset default fetch() mode for a statement to PDO_FETCH_BOTH

PDOStatement::setFetchMode(PDO_FETCH_NUM)
PDOStatement::setFetchMode(PDO_FETCH_ASSOC)
PDOStatement::setFetchMode(PDO_FETCH_BOTH)
PDOStatement::setFetchMode(PDO_FETCH_OBJ)
set default fetch() mode for a statement.

PDOStatement::setFetchMode(PDO_FETCH_COLUMN, int colno)
set default fetch() mode to retrieve colno-th column on each fetch() call.

PDOStatement::setFetchMode(PDO_FETCH_CLASS, string classname [, array ctor args])
set default fetch() mode to create an instance of classname,
calling it's ctor, passing the optional ctor args.
The names of the columns in the result set will be used as property names on
the object instance. PPP rules apply.

[NOTE: calling ctor is not yet implemented]
[TODO: this might crash PHP for persistent PDO handles]

PDOStatement::setFetchMode(PDO_FETCH_INTO, object obj)
Similar to PDO_FETCH_CLASS, except that each iteration will update the
supplied object properties.

[TODO: this might crash PHP for persistent PDO handles]

The default fetch() mode is used when no parameters are passed to
PDOStatement::fetch(). When using a statement in an iterator context,
PDOStatement::fetch() is called implicitly on each iteration.

object PDO::queryAndIterate(string sql, <PDOStatement::setFetchMode args>)
This is semantically equivalent to:

$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute();
$stmt->setFetchMode($args);
return $stmt;


Example/Intended usage:

/* fetch an array with numeric and string keys */
foreach ($pdo->queryAndIterate("select NAME, VALUE from test") as $row) {
debug_zval_dump($row);
}

/* fetch the value of column 1 into $row on each iteration */
foreach ($pdo->queryAndIterate("select NAME, VALUE from test",
PDO_FETCH_COLUMN, 1) as $row) {
debug_zval_dump($row); // string(3) "foo"
}

/* create a new instance of class Foo on each iteration */
foreach ($pdo->queryAndIterate("select NAME, VALUE from test",
PDO_FETCH_CLASS, 'Foo') as $row) {
debug_zval_dump($row);
/*
Object(Foo)#4 (2) refcount(2){
["NAME"]=>
string(12) "foo220051429" refcount(2)
["VALUE"]=>
string(12) "bar789825748" refcount(2)
}
*/
}

etc.

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Add rough cut at fetching meta data.

Implement persistent connections
$dbh->exec --> $dbh->query

Add "no permission" error code.

Add a uri: psuedo driver; it specifies the name of a resource that contains,
as its first line, the actual data source to connect to.
The resource can

Add "no permission" error code.

Add a uri: psuedo driver; it specifies the name of a resource that contains,
as its first line, the actual data source to connect to.
The resource can be a local file, or it can be any resource for which PHP
has a wrapper.

// loads connection data from the file "myapp"
$d = new PDO('uri:myapp');

// lets say that public.db.com has a read-only db open for the public
// their connection data is also published via the web:
// (not so great to resolve this on each request though...)
$d = new PDO('uri:http://public.db.com/pdo-connection-data');

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allow pdo to be functionally inherited from.

Implement empty-string-to-null conversion option for oracle compat.
This can be enabled using:
$dbh->setAttribute(PDO_ATTR_ORACLE_NULLS, true);

fix for inheritability

Revert (at Wez's request)

Added double param type
Added param struct initialiser
Reversed param parsing order (long <=> string)

get/set attributes for statements

Some definitions for cursors.
Define a mechanism for driver-specific attributes.
Use a refcount for the stmt structure.

Tidy up placeholder flags

Version 1 of PDO_FETCH_LAZY

Implement case folding of column names as a portability option.

Enable setting the different error modes via PDO::setAttribute()

Added getAttribute() method.

First cut at a "unified" error handling API. The main thing that is missing
currently is a switch in the dbh to indicate what to do with the errors.

Timeout stuff.

exec() now returns row count

Added lastInsertId() method for retrieving last insert id.
Made affectedRows() work for MySQL.
Populate error value in MySQL on error.

Add simple error code values and a place to store them

Revise $dbh->exec().
The driver doer() method should populate dbh->affected_rows if it can determine its value.